Robotics and autonomous systems

This document gives machine manufacturers guidance on potential security aspects in relation to safety of machinery when putting a machine into service or placing it on the market for the first time. It provides essential information to identify and address IT-security threats which can influence the safety of machinery.

The requirements of this standard apply only to those mechanically-powered machine tools commonly referred to as mechanical power presses, which transmit force mechanically to cut, form, or assemble metal or other materials by means of tools or dies attached to or operated by slides.

The purpose of this protocol is to test the skill dynamic stability of mobile robot arms by measurement. Its scope is limited to robot arms with a mobile base used in industrial indoor applications. For the stability scenarios studied it is assumed that the mobile base is at a standstill with only the mobile robot arm moving. The objective is to protect workers from injuries caused by collisions where the mobile base tilts. The validation of this protocol requires that the reader has access to an inclinometer.

The purpose of this protocol is to validate the skill “limit range of motion” for industrial mobile robots and payload , including a robotic arm mounted on it their . In this context, the skill limit range of motion is used to avoid the mobile robot , the arm aimed to check whether th and its payload to go through a forbidden space location. The validation protocol is e footprint of the system is correctly set or not.

The standard covers safety-related systems that incorporate electrical/electronic /programmable electronic devices.The standard specifically covers hazards that occur when safety functions fail. And the main goal of the safety standard is to reduce the risk of failure to a tolerable level.

This document establishes the vocabulary of industrial trucks.For the purposes of this document, industrial trucks are wheeled vehicles having at least three wheels with a powered or non-powered driving mechanism — except those running on rails — which are designed either to carry, tow, push, lift, stack or tier in racks any kind of load, and which are controlled either by an operator or by driverless automation.

This document specifies safety requirements and the means for their verification for driverless industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks) and their systems.Examples of driverless industrial trucks (trucks of ISO 5053-1) can also be known as: "automated guided vehicle", "autonomous mobile robot", "bots", "automated guided cart", "tunnel tugger", "under cart", etc.This document also contains requirements for driverless industrial trucks which are provided with:— automatic modes which either require operators' action(s) to initiate or enable such automatic operations. — the capability to transport one or more riders (which are neither considered as drivers nor as operators). — additional manual modes which allow operators to operate the truck manually; or— a maintenance mode which allows manual operation of truck functions for maintenance reasons.It is not applicable to trucks solely guided by mechanical means (rails, guides, etc.) or to remotely controlled trucks, which are not considered to be driverless trucks.For the purposes of this document, a driverless industrial truck is a powered truck, which is designed to operate automatically. A driverless truck system comprises the control system, which can be part of the truck and/or separate from it, guidance means and power system. Requirements for power sources are not covered in this document.The condition of the operating zone has a significant effect on the safe operation of the driverless industrial truck. The preparations of the operating zone to eliminate the associated hazards are specified in Annex A.This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events during all phases of the life of the truck (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), as listed in Annex B, relevant to the applicable machines when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.It does not give requirements for additional hazards that can occur:— during operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer applications, strong magnetic fields). — during operation in nuclear environments. — from trucks intended to operate in public zones (in particular ISO 13482). — during operation on a public road. — during operation in potentially explosive environments. — during operation in military applications. — during operation with specific hygienic requirements. — during operation in ionizing radiation environments. — during the transportation of (a) person(s) other than (the) intended rider(s). — when handling loads the nature of which can lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metals, acids/bases, radiating materials). — for rider positions with elevation function higher than 1 200 mm from the floor/ground to the platform floor.This document does not contain safety requirements for trailer(s) being towed behind a truck.This document does not contain safety requirements for elevated operator trucks.This document is not applicable to trucks manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 13849-1:2015 provides safety requirements and guidance on the principles for the design and integration of safety-related parts of control systems (SRP/CS), including the design of software. For these parts of SRP/CS, it specifies characteristics that include the performance level required for carrying out safety functions. It applies to SRP/CS for high demand and continuous mode, regardless of the type of technology and energy used (electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, etc.), for all kinds of machinery.It does not specify the safety functions or performance levels that are to be used in a particular case.This part of ISO 13849 provides specific requirements for SRP/CS using programmable electronic system(s).It does not give specific requirements for the design of products which are parts of SRP/CS. Nevertheless, the principles given, such as categories or performance levels, can be used.NOTE 1 Examples of products which are parts of SRP/CS: relays, solenoid valves, position switches, PLCs, motor control units, two-hand control devices, pressure sensitive equipment. For the design of such products, it is important to refer to the specifically applicable International Standards, e.g. ISO 13851, ISO 13856‑1 and ISO 13856‑2.NOTE 2 For the definition of required performance level, see 3.1.24.NOTE 3 The requirements provided in this part of ISO 13849 for programmable electronic systems are compatible with the methodology for the design and development of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems for machinery given in IEC 62061.NOTE 4 For safety-related embedded software for components with PLr = e, see IEC 61508?3:1998, Clause 7.

ISO 13850:2015 Standard specifies functional requirements and design principles for the emergency stop function on machinery, independent of the type of energy used.It does not deal with functions such as reversal or limitation of motion, deflection of emissions (e.g. radiation, fluids), shielding, braking or disconnecting, which can be part of the emergency stop function.The requirements for this International Standard apply to all machines, with exception to:- machines where an emergency stop would not reduce the risk. - hand-held or hand-operated machines.NOTE The requirements for the realization of the emergency stop function based on electrical/electronic technology are described in IEC 60204‑1.

ISO 13849-2:2012 specifies the procedures and conditions to be followed for the validation by analysis and testing of the specified safety functions, the category achieved, and the performance level achieved by the safety-related parts of a control system (SRP/CS) designed in accordance with ISO 13849-1.

ISO 18646-1:2016 describes methods for specifying and evaluating the locomotion performance of wheeled robots in indoor environments.

The purpose of this protocol is to test the skill “dynamic stability” of (mobile) weight support systems (with gait following function) type RACA robots* by measurement. Its scope is limited to weight support systems in indoor applications. In this context, the objective is to protect users and bystanders from injuries caused by tilting of the weight support system. The validation of this protocol requires that the reader has access to an inclinometer, a winch and a suitable 1D force sensor for tension force measurements.