Standard

Environmental testing - Part 2-27: Tests - Test Ea and guidance: Shock

IEC 60068-2-1:2007 Deals with cold tests applicable to both non heat-dissipating and heat-dissipating specimens. For non heat-dissipating specimens, Tests Ab and Ad do not deviate essentially from earlier issues. Test Ae has been added primarily for testing equipment that requires being operational throughout the test, including the conditioning periods. The object of the cold test is limited to the determination of the ability of components, equipment or other articles to be used, transported or stored at low temperature. Cold tests cover by this standard do not enable the ability of specimens to withstand or operate during the temperature variations to be assessed. In this case, it would be necessary to use IEC 60068-2-14. The cold tests are subdivided as follows:- Cold tests for non heat-dissipating specimens: * with gradual change of temperature, Ab. - Cold test for heat-dissipating specimens: * with gradual change of temperature, Ad,* with gradual change of temperature, specimen powered throughout, Ae.The procedures given in this standard are normally intended for specimens that achieve temperature stability during the performance of the test procedure. Temperature chamber(s) are constructed and verified in accordance with specifications IEC 60068-3-5 and IEC 60068-3-7. Further guidance for dry heat and cold tests can be found in IEC 60068-3-1 and general guidance in IEC 60068-1. This sixth edition deals with cold tests applicable both to non heat-dissipating and heat-dissipating specimens. For non heat-dissipating specimens, Tests Ab and Ad do not deviate essentially from earlier issues. Test Ae has been added primary for testing equipment that requires being operational throughout the test including the conditioning periods.

IEC 60664-1:2020 deals with insulation coordination for equipment having a rated voltage up to AC 1 000 V or DC 1 500 V connected to low-voltage supply systems. This document applies to frequencies up to 30 kHz. It applies to equipment for use up to 2 000 m above sea level and provides guidance for use at higher altitudes. It provides requirements for technical committees to determine clearances, creepage distances and criteria for solid insulation. It includes methods of electrical testing with respect to insulation coordination. The minimum clearances specified in this document do not apply where ionized gases are present. Special requirements for such situations can be specified at the discretion of the relevant technical committee. This document does not deal with distances:– through liquid insulation. – through gases other than air. – through compressed air.This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:update of the Scope, Clauses 2 and 3,addition of 1 500 V DC into tables,new structure for Clauses 4 and 5,addition of Annex G with a flowchart for clearances,addition of Annex H with a flowchart for creepage distances,update of distances altitude correction in a new Table F.10.

This part of lEC 60320 sets the general requirements for appliance couplers for two poles andtwo poles with earth contact and for the connection of electrical devices for household andsimilar onto the mains supply.This document is also valid for appliance inlets/appliance outlets integrated or incorporated inappliances.The rated voltage does not exceed 250 V (AC) and the rated current does not exceed 16 A.Appliance couplers complying with this document are suitable for normal use at ambienttemperatures not normally exceeding +40 °C, but their average over a period of 24 h does notexceed +35 °C, with a lower limit of the ambient air temperature of −5 °C.Annex E provides test requirements for derating the operating current of an accessory whenused in ambient temperatures above +35 °C up to and including +90 °C.Appliance couplers are not suitable for:– use in place of plug and socket-outlet systems according to IEC 60884-1. – use in place of devices for connecting luminaires (DCLs) according to IEC 61995 orluminaire supporting couplers (LSCs). – use in place of installation couplers according to IEC 61535.

IEC TR 63074:2019 gives guidance on the use of IEC 62443 (all parts) related to those aspects of security threats and vulnerabilities that could influence functional safety implemented and realized by safety-related control systems (SCS) and could lead to the loss of the ability to maintain safe operation of a machine.Considered security aspects of the machine with potential relation to SCS are:– vulnerabilities of the SCS either directly or indirectly through the other parts of the machine which can be exploited by security threats that can result in security attacks (security breach). – influence on the safety characteristics and ability of the SCS to properly perform its function(s). – typical use case definition and application of a corresponding threat model.

IEC 62443-3-2:2020 establishes requirements for:• defining a system under consideration (SUC) for an industrial automation and control system (IACS). • partitioning the SUC into zones and conduits. • assessing risk for each zone and conduit. • establishing the target security level (SL-T) for each zone and conduit; and• documenting the security requirements.

The purpose of this protocol is to validate suitability of 3D sensors, particularly LiDAR scanners, for improving the skill “Maintain Safe Distance” in advanced Speed and Separation Monitoring (SSM) cobot applications . Besides the sensors’ technical characteristics, the data processing, and decision-making abilities of an associated intelligent control system (ICS) are the subject of validation. Such ICS periodically acquires of a COBOT and an operator, eventually predicts their positions in a the positions near future, and adjusts the COBOT’s velocity to keep their mutual distance above the accordingly updated protective separation distance (PSD). The validation test checks with assistance of a high-speed high-resolution camera whether the ICS implements the SSM functionality successfully to prevent collisions between the robot and the operator in a systematically chosen repertoire of collaborative situations identified as potentially hazardous in the risk assessment. This protocol was developed in the COVR funded FSTP project “CobotSense” by FOKUS TECH, the Maribor, and FANUC ADRIA, and was published as a deliverable for that project.

ISO 19439:2006 specifies a framework conforming to requirements of ISO 15704, which serves as a common basis to identify and coordinate standards development for modelling of enterprises, emphasising, but not restricted to, computer integrated manufacturing. ISO 19439:2006 also serves as the basis for further standards for the development of models that will be computer-enactable and enable business process model-based decision support leading to model-based operation, monitoring and control.In ISO 19439:2006, four enterprise model views are defined in this framework. Additional views for particular user concerns can be generated but these additional views are not part of this International Standard. Possible additional views are identified in ISO 15704.

This document gives guidelines for a uniform framework, transversal with respect to the different robot categories and limited to those robots and robotic applications characterized by human-robot collaboration, for the development and/or use of testing procedures, applicable to different robot categories and use scenarios. This document is informative and is not aimed at substituting or simplifying verification and/or validation procedures required by standards. The objectives of this document are the following: — define an approach for the development and use of procedures for testing safety in human-robot collaboration at a system level, based on safety-relevant human-robot collaboration skills and limited to the mechanical hazards; — define a comprehensive list of application-driven, technology-invariant safety-relevant human-robot collaboration skills valid across different domains; — provide a template for system-level validation protocols; — by way of example, present two system-level validation protocols, applicable to multiple domains. This document does not apply to the following devices, systems and applications: autonomous vehicles for the transportation of persons, drones, rescue robots (including ground, marine and aerial vehicles), surgical robots in relation to the body of the patient, passive wearable devices, external limb prostheses. NOTE 1 This document aims at providing harmonization in the compilation of structured testing procedures, to supplement safety validation of specific robot applications, building, where possible, on test methods provided in the relevant standards. It does not propose any safety requirement, nor is it intended to provide alternatives for or simplification of the relevant standards for each robot category. Users of this document are expected to be proficient in directives, regulations and standards applicable for the specific robot system and application. An overview of robot categorization is provided in A.1. NOTE 2 This document does not address “functional safety” (e.g. the performance level of safety-related parts of control systems), nor criteria for its validation and verification.

The specific purpose of this protocol is to validate the safety skill “limit interaction energy” by measurement. Its scope is limited to robot arms operating in the domain Manufacturing. In this context, the skill “limit interaction energy” is often used to protect workers from injuries caused by robot collisions where the robot hits a part of the human body that can freely move. The validation of this protocol requires that the reader has a bio-fidel force and pressure measurement device available. The instrument must allow for measuring the pressure history during the collision.

The specific purpose of this protocol is to validate the safety skill “limit interaction energy” by measurement. Its scope is limited to robot arms operating in the domain Manufacturing. In this context, the skill “limit interaction energy” is often used to protect workers from injuries caused by robot collisions where the robot traps a part of the human body against a fixed obstacle. The validation of this protocol requires that the reader has a bio-fidel force and pressure measurement device available. The instrument must allow for measuring the pressure history during the collision.

The purpose of this protocol is to verify the ability of the robotic system to limit its movements in 3D space. In this version of the protocol, it is checked that the robot, with all its segments and end effector, does not pass beyond a vertical plane placed in the robotic cell. The validation test is performed using a moving frame representing the vertical plane or part of it.