Robotics and autonomous systems

BS 8611 gives guidance on the identification of potential ethical harm and provides guidelines on safe design, protective measures, and information for the design and application of robots. BS 8611 builds on existing safety requirements for different types of robots; industrial, personal care, and medical. BS 8611 describes ethical hazards associated with the use of robots and provides guidance to eliminate or reduce the risks associated with them. Significant ethical hazards are presented, and guidance is given on how they are to be dealt with for various robot applications. Ethical hazards are broader than physical hazards. Most physical hazards have associated psychological hazards due to fear and stress. Thus, physical hazards imply ethical hazards, and safety design features are part of ethical design. Safety elements are covered by safety standards. BS 8611 is concerned with ethical elements

This standard specifies built-in safety measures aimed at preventing unexpected machine start-up (see 3.2) toallow safe human interventions in danger zones (see Annex A).This standard applies to unexpected start-up from all types of energy source, i.e.: Power supply, e.g. electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic.  Stored energy due to, e.g., gravity, compressed springs.  External influences, e.g. from wind;

Defines electrical and related mechanical safety requirements for design and construction of the electrical installation in battery powered industrial trucks hereinafter referred to as trucks, with nominal voltages of the truck system up to 240 V.

Pertains to the protection of persons and livestock against electric shock.

Specifies requirements and related tests for programmable controllers (PLCs) and their associated peripherals, which have as their intended use the control and command of machines and industrial processes.

This standard applies to the classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures forelectrical equipment with a rated voltage not exceeding 72,5 kV.

This community group will discuss the applications of web browsers as the computer for controlling robots (robotics, in other words). And it will be also intended to feedback knowledge obtained from this discussion to standardization activity about Web of Things.What kinds of values are contained in using a Web browser not only in drawing graphical user interface but also in controlling and manipulating robots, and what kinds of difficulties and problems are there in that case? To search their answers may become the driving force of this activity.As an example, there may be the following questions in the discussion:Is a case applying a Web browser as a simple controller of the robots which does not have UI such as screens or the pointing devices still meaningful? For example, connectivity with web services and interlocking operation between robots (Swarm Robotics via web) may be one of its values.Is it possible to relate a graphical user interface of HTML to interactive and physical user interface of the robots? Is it meaningful? As an example, a relation between a physical push button and 'input' type="button" element in the HTML may deserve considering.Are cases using relatively low-level interface used in many robots such as PWM of the motor, digital or analog signal interfaces, I2C, SPI, UART and GPIOs by the application on the web browsers meaningful?Is real-time computing at the same level as RTOS feasible on the web browser-based general-purpose computing environments?An initial related activity is the Mozilla Factory Open Hardware Project.Furthermore, this group may publish specifications based on those knowledge such as webGPIO, webI2C API and so on.

IEC 60068-2-1:2007 Deals with cold tests applicable to both non heat-dissipating and heat-dissipating specimens. For non heat-dissipating specimens, Tests Ab and Ad do not deviate essentially from earlier issues. Test Ae has been added primarily for testing equipment that requires being operational throughout the test, including the conditioning periods. The object of the cold test is limited to the determination of the ability of components, equipment or other articles to be used, transported or stored at low temperature. Cold tests cover by this standard do not enable the ability of specimens to withstand or operate during the temperature variations to be assessed. In this case, it would be necessary to use IEC 60068-2-14. The cold tests are subdivided as follows:- Cold tests for non heat-dissipating specimens: * with gradual change of temperature, Ab. - Cold test for heat-dissipating specimens: * with gradual change of temperature, Ad,* with gradual change of temperature, specimen powered throughout, Ae.The procedures given in this standard are normally intended for specimens that achieve temperature stability during the performance of the test procedure. Temperature chamber(s) are constructed and verified in accordance with specifications IEC 60068-3-5 and IEC 60068-3-7. Further guidance for dry heat and cold tests can be found in IEC 60068-3-1 and general guidance in IEC 60068-1. This sixth edition deals with cold tests applicable both to non heat-dissipating and heat-dissipating specimens. For non heat-dissipating specimens, Tests Ab and Ad do not deviate essentially from earlier issues. Test Ae has been added primary for testing equipment that requires being operational throughout the test including the conditioning periods.

The scope of this Technical Report is to provide test methods and metrics for validating separation distances of robot applications using Speed and Separation Monitoring (SSM) in accordance with ANSI/RIA R15.06 and RIA TR R15.606. This Technical Report also provides guidance on determining how speeds and positions of robot systems, workpieces, and obstacles should be measured, and under what conditions such measurements should be made.This document is informative in nature and is not a standard. The use of the word “shall” and “should” in a particular statement indicates the relative importance of specific criteria or features indicated in ANSI/RIA R15.06, RIA TR R15.606, and RIA R15.08.

This standard extends the IEEE 1873-2015™ Standard for Robot Map Data Representation from two-dimensional (2D) maps to three-dimensional (3D) maps.

This Guide for Verification of Autonomous Systems enables the user to define a customized process for verification of their autonomous system based on their available resources. It documents best practices across all levels of abstraction within a given system.

"Nudges" as exhibited by robotic, intelligent or autonomous systems are defined as overt or hidden suggestions or manipulations designed to influence the behavior or emotions of a user. This standard establishes a delineation of typical nudges (currently in use or that could be created). It contains concepts, functions and benefits necessary to establish and ensure ethically driven methodologies for the design of the robotic, intelligent and autonomous systems that incorporate them.