Web 4.0 and virtual worlds

This guide provides an open, common, and interoperable reference framework model for distributed ledger technology (DLT), such as blockchain in the energy sector. It also covers three aspects:1) Serve as a guideline for Blockchain DLT use cases in Electrical Power industry; energy value industry chain, covering the Renewable energy industry and their renewable related sources services of generation.2) Create guide on reference architecture framework, including interoperability, terminology, functionality, and system interfaces for blockchain DLT applications in the energy sector by building an open protocol and technology agnostic layered framework.3) Evaluate and provide guidelines on scalability, performance, security, and interoperability through evaluation of consensus algorithm, smart contracts, and type of blockchain DLT implementation, etc. for the Energy sector.

Blockchain interoperability is the ability of two or more blockchain systems or applications to exchange information and to mutually use the information that has been exchanged. The interfaces and protocols play a very important role in realizing interoperability. Therefore, the standard of cross-chain interoperability interfaces and protocols, especially those for data authentication and communication among homogeneous and heterogeneous blockchains systems, is needed. Such protocols coordinate blockchains while supporting multiple cross-chain models and levels to meet business demands without the need to customize gateways or exchanges for specific use cases. Provided in this standard are an infrastructure of cross-chain interoperability, as well as interfaces and protocols of data authentication and communication for homogeneous and heterogeneous blockchain interoperability. The protocols include the distributed identity protocol, metadata protocol, on-chain proof transformation protocol, and cross-chain communication protocol.

This standard defines a baseline architectural framework and defines functional roles for blockchain-driven supply chain finance (SCF) implementations, e.g., core enterprise, supplier, bank, blockchain platform provider, and so on. The procedures of registration, asset issuance, asset transfer, financing based on asset on chain, asset clearing and settlement, and asset tracing, are explained. Finally, the technique requirement of the business system, and blockchain platform are discussed.

Data format requirements for blockchain systems are established in this standard. This standard addresses data structures, data types, and data elements.

This document provides elements of IoT trustworthiness based on ISO/IEC 30141 - IoT Reference Architecture.

This standard specifies the terminology, technical reference framework, basic functional requirements, and technical indicators for the platform of blockchain-based e-commerce transaction evidence collecting, which is the foundation of digital business interactions.

This standard establishes a system designed to trade data through domain-independent and principled marketplaces operating under a unified architecture. It defines terminology, a reference model, and the roles and functions of data providers, data users, and data marketplaces. The standard provides an overview of the data trading system using its reference model.

This standard defines a trusted data circulation platform based on blockchain and distributed ledger technologies. The system overview of trusted data circulation platform is defined including underlying computation engine layer, blockchain and DLT core function layer, trusted data circulation layer, and interface layer. The functional modules, data circulation processes, technical and security requirements are specified. This standard includes recommendations for controlling the allowable purposes and amount of data utilization, and for data privacy and resistance to tampering during the relevant data operations.

This standard defines an evaluation model and evaluation index system for using blockchain in low carbon zones, combining carbon emission scenarios and zone types. This standard also defines the technical requirements and management requirements for using blockchain for low carbon zones, including carbon accounting data sources, data storage, data interaction, data accounting, emission factor database establishment, carbon accounting method selection and prediction.

This standard defines an application model and technical framework for green power identification based on blockchain. This standard also specifies the technical and operation management requirements of green power identification based on blockchain.

This standard specifies a reference architecture for Blockchain as a Service (BaaS) in the consortium blockchain. It defines the terms and definitions, reference architecture, basic functional requirements and non-functional requirements for BaaS in the consortium blockchain.

This document defines terms for identity management, and specifies core concepts of identity and identity management and their relationships. It is applicable to any information system that processes identity information.