Web 4.0 and virtual worlds

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003 specifies a metadata system for describing multimedia content. ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003 specifies the Multimedia Description Schemes (MDS) description tools (Description Schemes, Descriptors, and datatypes) that comprise ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003 by specifying the normative syntax of each description tool using Description Definition Language (DDL) (see ISO/IEC 15938-2) and the normative semantics including semantics of each component of each description tool (attributes and elements). ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003 also provides informative examples that illustrate the instantiation of description tools in creating descriptions conforming to ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003.ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003 defines the following basic elements: schema tools (the root element, top-level types, description metadata, and packages), basic datatypes (integers, reals, vectors, matrices), linking and media localization tools (spatial and temporal localization), basic description tools (language, text, classification schemes). ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003 defines the following content description tools, which describe the features of the multimedia content and the immutable metadata related to the multimedia content: structure description tools (spatio-temporal segments of multimedia content) and semantic description tools (""real-world"" semantics related to or captured by the multimedia content, including objects, events, concepts, and so forth). ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003 defines additionally the following description tools for content metadata: media description (storage format, encoding), creation and production (title, creator, classification, purpose), and usage (access rights, publication). The content description and metadata tools are related in the sense that the content description tools use the content metadata tools. For example, a description of creation and production or media information can be attached to an individual video or video segment in order to describe the structure and creation and production of the multimedia content. ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003 also defines description tools for navigation and access (browsing, summarization), content organization (collections and models), and user interaction (user preferences pertaining to consumption of multimedia and usage history). Finally, ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003 defines classification schemes, which organize terms that are used by the description tools.

ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009 specifies how tests can be designed to verify whether compressed data (i.e. bitstreams) and decoders meet the requirements for the synthetic 3D graphics tools specified in ISO/IEC 14496‑11:2005, ISO/IEC 14496‑16:2006, ISO/IEC 14496‑21:2006, and ISO/IEC 14496‑25:2009. ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009 does not specifically address encoders. As far as synthetic 3D graphics are concerned, an encoder can be said to be an ISO/IEC 14496 encoder if it generates compressed data compliant with the syntactic and semantic bitstream payload requirements specified in ISO/IEC 14496‑11, ISO/IEC 14496‑16, ISO/IEC 14496‑21, and ISO/IEC 14496‑25. Characteristics of coded bitstreams and decoders are defined for ISO/IEC 14496‑11, ISO/IEC 14496‑16, ISO/IEC 14496‑21, and ISO/IEC 14496‑25. The characteristics of a bitstream define the subset of the standard that is exploited in the bitstream. Examples are the applied values or range of the bitrate. Decoder characteristics define the properties and capabilities of the applied decoding process. An example of a property is the applied arithmetic accuracy. The capabilities of a decoder specify which coded bitstreams the decoder can decode and reconstruct, by defining the subset of the standard that may be exploited in decodable bitstreams. A bitstream can be decoded by a decoder if the characteristics of the coded bitstream are within the subset of the normative references. ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009 describes procedures for testing conformance of compressed data and decoders to the requirements defined in ISO/IEC 14496‑11, ISO/IEC 14496‑16, ISO/IEC 14496‑21, and ISO/IEC 14496‑25; given the set of characteristics claimed, the requirements that shall be met are fully determined by these parts. ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009 summarizes the requirements, cross references them to characteristics, and defines how conformance with them can be tested. Guidelines are given on constructing tests to verify decoder conformance.

ISO/IEC 14496-16:2011 specifies MPEG-4 Animation Framework eXtension (AFX) model for representing and encoding 3D graphics assets to be used standalone or integrated in interactive multimedia presentations (the latter when combined with other parts of MPEG-4). Within this model, MPEG-4 is extended with higher-level synthetic objects for geometry, texture, and animation as well as dedicated compressed representations.

This standard defines requirements for multiple aspects of user identification and Anti-Money Laundering on cryptocurrency exchanges, such as KYC (Know Your Customer) and AML (Anti-Money Laundering) regulations, outsourcing proper compliance measures to third-party solutions, and building up a self-regulatory layer of security and accountability among exchanges. It is to keep customers from malignant influence of unethical and illegal money that can be traced back inside/outside the cryptocurrency space. It is different from the IEEE P2140.2 standard, which is based on the protection of customer cryptographic assets.

This guide provides an open, common, and interoperable reference framework model for distributed ledger technology (DLT), such as blockchain in the energy sector. It also covers three aspects:1) Serve as a guideline for Blockchain DLT use cases in Electrical Power industry; energy value industry chain, covering the Renewable energy industry and their renewable related sources services of generation.2) Create guide on reference architecture framework, including interoperability, terminology, functionality, and system interfaces for blockchain DLT applications in the energy sector by building an open protocol and technology agnostic layered framework.3) Evaluate and provide guidelines on scalability, performance, security, and interoperability through evaluation of consensus algorithm, smart contracts, and type of blockchain DLT implementation, etc. for the Energy sector.

This standard provides a common framework for distributed ledger technology (DLT) usage, implementation, and interaction in agriculture. The framework maps DLT terms including transactions, smart contracts, tokens, assets and networks to terms in agriculture, and addresses technical aspects including scalability, security and privacy challenges with regard to DLT in agriculture. Concerns from different stakeholders and requirements in horizontal and vertical categories of agriculture are included in the framework.

e-Voting is an application of modern Web and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) for more choices and security in registration and voting. Choices range from voting with anonymous paper ballots and postal mail, to online voting where an electronic ballot can be authenticated that it was received and recorded as intended. For security, DLT-enabled systems: validate sources with cryptographic methods, secure communications with digital signatures, and confirm valid transaction with a transparent ledger. Suspicious transactions are recorded as part of a private real-time audit and database, and e-Voting can be tailored for the local needs and methods of a country or administrative sub-division.

This standard provides a common framework for blockchain usage, implementation, and interaction with the Internet of Things (IoT). The framework addresses items such as security and privacy challenges with regards to Blockchain in IoT. Blockchain permissioned IoT blockchain, and permission-less IoT blockchain will be included in the framework.

The standard defines the Entity Risk Mutual Assistance Model (RMAM) based on blockchain technology, including the involved entities of interest, the relationship between entities, organizational framework, and design method

This standard provides a common nomenclature and framework for describing blockchain governance across all use cases and contexts, including public, private, permissioned, permissionless, and hybrid. The standard is only normative regarding terminology. It is non-normative with respect to the design of particular blockchain protocols and systems. Where two terms are in common use for one concept, the standard shall define both terms and elaborate on any meaningful distinctions between them.

This standard defines the assessment framework for data compliance, governance and risk management and provides performance metrics such as availability, security, privacy, integrity, continuance, scalability, etc.

This standard defines the functional requirements in data compliance, governance and risk management in the operational process for Blockchain-based IoT data management systems.