This document identifies technical requirements for information exchange between entities within the reference architecture. The requirements for information exchange in the following networks are within the scope of this document:- user network that connects the user entity and the digital twin entity;- service network that connects sub-entities within the digital twin entity;- access network that connects the device communication entity to the digital twin entity and to the user entity; and- proximity network that connects the device communication entity to the observable manufacturing elements.
A baseline architectural framework will be defined in this standard. In addition, the general process for digital asset management on blockchain will be outlined.
The standard defines the Entity Risk Mutual Assistance Model (RMAM) based on blockchain technology, including the involved entities of interest, the relationship between entities, organizational framework, and design method. A framework of blockchain-based Internet of Things (IoT ) data management is defined in this standard. It identifies the common building blocks of the framework that blockchain enabled during IoT data lifecycle including data acquisition, processing, storage, analyzing, usage/exchange and obsoletion, and the interactions among these building blocks.
This document provides information based on a study of the characteristics of head-mounted displays (HMDs) regarding the ergonomics of human-system interaction. Although this document covers the broad range of ergonomics issues that arise, it specifically provides more-detailed information about the visual aspects of the interaction, and it provides information that could form the basis for future possible standards related to HMDs. NOTE: It is preferable to take systematic approach to consider characteristics of HMD, since HMD affects a viewer not only by visual aspects, but also by some other physical aspects.
ISO/IEC 21823-3:2021 provides the basic concepts for IoT systems semantic interoperability, as described in the facet model of ISO/IEC 21823-1, including:(1) requirements of the core ontologies for semantic interoperability;(2) best practices and guidance on how to use ontologies and to develop domain-specific applications, including the need to allow for extensibility and connection to external ontologies;(3) cross-domain specification and formalization of ontologies to provide harmonized utilization of existing ontologies;(4) relevant IoT ontologies along with comparative study of the characteristics and approaches in terms of modularity, extensibility, reusability, scalability, interoperability with upper ontologies, and so on; and(5) use cases and service scenarios that exhibit necessities and requirements of semantic interoperability.
This document - describes the types of methods that can be used for the evaluation of haptic devices and of systems that include haptic devices, - specifies a procedure for the evaluation of haptic interactions by a usability walkthrough or usability test (see Annex J), and - provides guidance on the types of methods that are appropriate for the evaluation of specific attributes of haptic systems, cross-referenced to the guidance in the relevant clauses of other International Standards (see Annexes A, B, C, D, E, F and G). It applies to the following types of interaction: - augmented reality - information overlaid on a real scene, e.g. vibrating belt indicating distance; - gesture control of a device or a virtual scenario; - unidirectional interaction such as a vibrating phone or a vibrating belt; - virtual environment - virtual space with which a user can interact with the aid of a haptic device. This document applies to the following types of devices: - gesture sensor, e.g. video that discerns 3D hand movements, touch screens that sense 2D touches; - kinaesthetic haptic device, e.g. desktop haptic interface; - tactile display, e.g. vibrating phone. This document is not applicable to standard input devices such as keyboards, mice or track balls. NOTE: ISO 9241-400 covers standard input devices, and ISO 9241-411 applies to the evaluation of input devices such as keyboards and mice. This document can be used to identify the types of methods and measures for:- establishing benchmarks- establishing requirements for haptic interaction- identifying problems with haptic interaction (formative evaluation), and- use of the criteria to establish whether a haptic system meets requirements (summative evaluation).
ISO 9241-920:2009 gives recommendations for tactile and haptic hardware and software interactions. It provides guidance on the design and evaluation of hardware, software, and combinations of hardware and software interactions, including: the design/use of tactile/haptic inputs, outputs, and/or combinations of inputs and outputs, with general guidance on their design/use as well as on designing/using combinations of tactile and haptic interactions for use in combination with other modalities or as the exclusive mode of interaction; the tactile/haptic encoding of information, including textual data, graphical data and controls; the design of tactile/haptic objects, the layout of tactile/haptic space; interaction techniques. It does not provide recommendations specific to Braille, but can apply to interactions that make use of Braille. The recommendations given in ISO 9241-920:2009 are applicable to at least the controls of a virtual workspace, but they can also be applied to an entire virtual environment — consistent, in as far as possible, with the simulation requirements.
ISO 9241-910:2011 provides a framework for understanding and communicating various aspects of tactile/haptic interaction. It defines terms, describes structures and models, and gives explanations related to the other parts of the ISO 9241 ""900"" subseries. It also provides guidance on how various forms of interaction can be applied to a variety of user tasks. It is applicable to all types of interactive systems making use of tactile/haptic devices and interactions. It does not address purely kinaesthetic interactions, such as gestures, although it might be useful for understanding such interactions.
This document establishes the requirements and recommendations for image contents and electronic display systems to reduce visually induced motion sickness (VIMS), while viewing images on electronic displays. This document is applicable to electronic display systems, including flat panel displays, projectors with a screen, and virtual reality (VR) type of head mounted displays (HMDs), but not including HMDs that present electronic images on/with real-world scenes. NOTE 1: This document assumes the images are viewed under appropriate defined conditions. See Annex B for the appropriate viewing conditions.NOTE 2: This document is useful for the design, development, and supply of image contents, as well as electronic displays for reducing VIMS.NOTE 3 ISO 9241-392[3] provides guidelines for stereoscopic 3D displays, of which the methods are also used in HMDs.NOTE 4 The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) generally sets the standards for broadcasting.
The standard specifies how Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) devices should be set up and used in the enterprise; in a manner that ensures Health and Safety (H&S) is maintained, H&S consequences are understood, and additional risks are not introduced. Within this concept of safe usage, there is particular focus on guidance around safe immersion (time) and safety in the workplace. This ISO/IEC standard:(a) defines the concepts of AR, VR, the virtuality continuum and other associated terms such as Augmented Virtuality and Mixed Reality;(b) provides guidance on setting up AR systems;(c) provides guidance on setting up VR systems;(d) provides guidance on safe usage and immersion in AR systems both in the consumer and enterprise domains; and(e) provides guidance on safe usage and immersion in VR systems both in the consumer and enterprise domains.This standard focuses on visual aspects of AR and VR. Other modes such as haptics and olfactory are not addressed within this standard. The standard covers both the hardware (the physical VR/AR head mounted displays) and areas of visual stimulus (the environments and graphics displayed in those headsets). The standard does not cover all possible visual stimulus scenarios; focus is directed toward those areas that are known to have implications on safe use. This specifically includes the source vection (visual illusion of self-motion in physically stationary VR/AR users) and/or motion (physical movement of VR/AR users) and associated safe use considerations. It should be noted that AR/VR have some shared safety concerns, but many are distinct to AR or VR and a consumer or enterprise environment. As such all of these are in scope, and the standard is structured to account for these differences.
This standard provides a general shared function model for cloud computing, in order to normalize how functions are shared between cloud service providers (CSPs) and cloud service customers (CSCs). The standard specifies functions ownership from seven aspects for three main cloud service delivery models, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). The seven aspects of function are as follows:1) The physical infrastructure function.2) The virtualization infrastructure function.3) The operating system function.4) The network control function.5) The application function.6) The data function.7) The identity and access management function. Each of the seven aspects considers many factors including security, management, etc. In this standard, levels 1 to 4, which are clearly the service provider's function for IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS, are briefly mentioned for the integrity of the model. This standard focuses on levels 5, 6, and 7.