Standard

This document specifies an Internet of Things (IoT) reference architecture (IoT RA). The IoT RA is a generalization of existing practice including the distinguishing characteristics of IoT systems and other 195 fundamental characteristics exhibited by IoT systems. The IoT RA addresses stakeholder concerns related to 196 the business value of IoT systems. The IoT RA also addresses the interactions between the IoT system, the 197 users, and the physical environment. Implementation of IoT systems is also addressed in this IoT RA. Among 198 the characteristics specified in the IoT RA are abstract functions within IoT systems and a variety of structures 199 that are used to construct IoT systems.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO 19101-1:2014 defines the reference model for standardization in the field of geographic information. This reference model describes the notion of interoperability and sets forth the fundamentals by which this standardization takes place. Although structured in the context of information technology and information technology standards, ISO 19101-1:2014 is independent of any application development method or technology implementation approach.

ISO 19103:2015 provides rules and guidelines for the use of a conceptual schema language within the context of geographic information. The chosen conceptual schema language is the Unified Modeling Language (UML). ISO 19103.2015 provides a profile of the Unified Modelling Language (UML). The standardization target type of this standard is UML schemas describing geographic information.

ISO 19104:2016 specifies requirements for the collection, management and publication of terminology in the field of geographic information. The scope of this document includes: - selection of concepts, harmonization of concepts and development of concept systems, - structure and content of terminological entries, - term selection, - definition preparation, - cultural and linguistic adaptation, - layout and formatting requirements in rendered documents, and - establishment and management of terminology registers.ISO 19104:2016 is applicable to International Standards and Technical Specifications in the field of geographic information.

This standard establishes a uniform set of definitions, and a methodology to assess the socio-technical considerations and practices regarding (“XR”) Extended Reality (Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Immersive Web and Spatial Web technologies) where this methodology shapes the positive design of XR systems. The Standard provides the following:a) a high-level overview of the technical and socio-technical aspects of XR;b) a set of XR definitions and classifications based on existing XR research and application verticals;c) a standardized definition of ethical assessment methodologies of XR products, services and systems; andd) a high-level ethical (where "ethical" is defined as "Supporting the realization of positive values or the reduction of negative values") assessment methodology for the design of XR products, services, or systems.The applied ethical approach utilizes IEEE's Ethically Aligned Design (EAD). “Positive” is defined as the support of improved human flourishing” (or “human wellbeing and environmental flourishing.”)

ISO/IEC 14772-1, the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), defines a file format that integrates 3D graphics and multimedia. Conceptually, each VRML file is a 3D time-based space that contains graphic and aural objects that can be dynamically modified through a variety of mechanisms. This part of ISO/IEC 14772 defines the interface that applications external to the VRML browser may use to access and manipulate the objects defined in ISO/IEC 14772-1. The interface described here is designed to allow an external environment to access nodes in a VRML scene using the existing VRML event model. In this model, an eventOut of a given node can be routed to an eventIn of another node. When the eventOut generates an event, the eventIn is notified and its node processes that event. Additionally, if a script in a Script node has a reference to a given node it can send events directly to any eventIn of that node and it can read the last value sent from any of its eventOuts. The scope of this standard is to cover all forms of access to a VRML browser from external applications. It is equally valid for a database with a object interface to access a standalone browser in a presentation slide as it is for a Java applet operating within a web browser and the available services do not vary. This standard does not provide a byte level protocol description as there can be many valid ways of expressing an interaction with a browser. Instead, it represents the interface in terms of the services provided and the parameters that are passed to access these services. Individual language and protocol bindings to these services are available as annexes to this part of ISO/IEC 14772.

ISO/IEC 18023-2:2006 specifies the abstract syntax of a SEDRIS transmittal. Actual encodings (e.g. binary encoding) are specified in other parts of ISO/IEC 18023.

ISO/IEC 18023-3:2006 defines a binary encoding for DRM objects specified in ISO/IEC 18023-1 according to the abstract syntax specified in ISO/IEC 18023-2.

ISO/IEC 18024-4:2006 specifies a language-dependent layer for the C programming language. ISO/IEC 18023-1 specifies a language-independent application program interface (API) for SEDRIS. For integration into a programming language, the SEDRIS API is embedded in a language-dependent layer obeying the particular conventions of that language.

ISO/IEC 19775-2:2015 specifies a standard set of services that are made available by a browser so that an author can access the scene graph while it is running. Such access is designed to support inspection and modification of the scene graph.

ISO/IEC 19775-1:2015, Extensible 3D (X3D), defines a system that integrates 3D graphics and multimedia. Conceptually, each X3D file is a 3D time-based space that contains graphic and aural objects that can be dynamically modified through a variety of mechanisms. This part of ISO/IEC 19776 defines a mapping of the abstract objects in X3D to a specific X3D encoding using the Extensible Markup Language. Each XML-encoded X3D file:a. supports all of the purposes of X3D files defined in the X3D abstract specification ISO/IEC 19775; andb. encodes X3D constructs in an XML format.An XML-encoded X3D file may be referenced from files using other X3D encodings and may itself reference other X3D files encoded using other X3D encodings. Such files can only be processed by browsers that conform to all of the utilized X3D encodings.

ISO/IEC 19775-2:2015, Extensible 3D (X3D), defines a system that integrates 3D graphics and multimedia. Conceptually, each X3D file is a 3D time-based space that contains graphic and aural objects that can be dynamically modified through a variety of mechanisms. This part of ISO/IEC 19776 defines a mapping of the abstract objects in X3D to a specific encoding using the technique defined in ISO/IEC 14772 ? Virtual reality modeling language (VRML). Each Classic VRML-encoded X3D file:a. supports all of the purposes of X3D files defined in ISO/IEC 19775; andb. encodes X3D constructs in Classic VRML format.A Classic VRML-encoded X3D file may be referenced from files using other encodings and may itself reference X3D files encoded using other encodings. Such files can only be processed by browsers which conform to all of the utilized encodings.