IEEE

This standard specifies the air interface, including the medium access control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY), of combined fixed and mobile point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access (BWA) systems providing multiple services. The MAC is structured to support the WirelessMAN-SC, WirelessMAN-OFDM, and WirelessMAN-OFDMA PHY specifications, each suited to a particular operational environment. The standard enables rapid worldwide deployment of innovative, cost-effective, and interoperable multi-vendor broadband wireless access products, facilitates competition in broadband access by providing alternatives to wireline broadband access, encourages consistent worldwide spectrum allocation, and accelerates the commercialization of broadband wireless access systems.

A vendor-independent policy language for managing the functionality and behavior of dynamic spectrum access networks based on the language requirements defined in IEEE Std 1900.5(TM), IEEE Standard Policy Language Requirements and System Architectures for Dynamic Spectrum Access Systems, is defined in this standard.

Interfaces and service access points defined in IEEE Std 1900.4TM are described in detail, enabling distributed decision making in heterogeneous wireless networks and obtaining context information for this decision making.

Definitions and explanations of key concepts in the fields of spectrum management, spectrum trading, cognitive radio, dynamic spectrum access, policy-based radio systems, software defined radio, and related advanced radio system technologies are provided. Beyond simple, short definitions, amplifying text explaining these terms in the context of the technologies that use them is provided. Also described is how these technologies interrelate and create new capabilities while at the same time providing mechanisms supportive of new spectrum management paradigms.

An abstraction layer for multiple home networking technologies that provides a common interface to widely deployed home networking technologies is defined in this standard: IEEE 1901 over power lines, IEEE 802.11 for wireless, Ethernet over twisted pair cable, and MoCA 1.1 over coax. Connectivity selection for transmission of packets arriving from any interface or application is supported by the 1905.1 abstraction layer. Modification to the underlying home networking technologies is not required by the 1905.1 layer, and hence it does not change the behavior or implementation of existing home networking technologies. Introduced by the 1905.1 specification is a layer between layers 2 and 3 that abstracts the individual details of each interface, aggregates available bandwidth, and facilitates seamless integration. The 1905.1 also facilitates end-to-end quality of service (QoS) while simplifying the introduction of new devices to the network, establishing secure connections, extending network coverage, and facilitating advanced network management features including discovery, path selection, autoconfiguration, and quality of service (QoS) negotiation.

This standard defines topology, functions, and governance for cloud-to-cloud interoperability and federation. Topological elements include clouds, roots, exchanges (which mediate governance between clouds), and gateways (which mediate data exchange between clouds). Functional elements include name spaces, presence, messaging, resource ontologies (including standardized units of measurement), and trust infrastructure. Governance elements include registration, geo-independence, trust anchor, and potentially compliance and audit. The standard does not address intra-cloud (within cloud) operation, as this is cloud implementation-specific, nor does it address proprietary hybrid-cloud implementations.

This standard defines the syntax and semantics of a format used to express power intent in energy aware electronic system design. Power intent includes the concepts and information required for specification and validation, implementation and verification, and modelling and analysis of power managed electronic systems. This standard also defines the relationship between the power intent captured in this format and design intent captured via other formats (e.g., standard hardware description languages and cell libraries).

Ethernet local area network operation is specified for selected speeds of operation from 1 Mb/s to 400 Gb/s using a common media access control (MAC) specification and management information base (MIB). The Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) MAC protocol specifies shared medium (half duplex) operation, as well as full duplex operation. Speed specific Media Independent Interfaces (MIIs) allow use of selected Physical Layer devices (PHY) for operation over coaxial, twisted pair or fiber optic cables, or electrical backplanes. System considerations for multisegment shared access networks describe the use of Repeaters that are defined for operational speeds up to 1000 Mb/s. Local Area Network (LAN) operation is supported at all speeds. Other specified capabilities include: various PHY types for access networks, PHYs suitable for metropolitan area network applications, and the provision of power over selected twisted pair PHY types.(The PDF of this standard is available at no cost to you compliments of the IEEE GET program https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page)

An extensible IEEE 802(R) media access independent services framework (i.e., function and protocol) is defined that enables the optimization of services including handover and other services when performed between heterogeneous IEEE 802 networks. These services are facilitated by this standard when networking between IEEE 802 networks and cellular networks. (The PDF of this standard is available at no cost compliments of the IEEE GET program http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page/)

A vendor-independent generalized method for modeling spectrum consumption of any type of use of radio frequency spectrum and the attendant computations for arbitrating the compatibility among models are defined in this standard. The methods of modeling are chosen to support the development of tractable algorithms for determining the compatibility between models and for performing various spectrum management tasks that operate on a plurality of models. The modeling methods are exclusively focused on capturing spectrum use but are defined in a schema that can be joined with other schemata related to spectrum management.

The physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) sublayer specifications for low-data-rate wireless connectivity with fixed, portable, and moving devices with no battery or very limited battery consumption requirements are defined in this standard. In addition, the standard provides modes that allow for precision ranging. PHYs are defined for devices operating in a variety of geographic regions. (The PDF of the standard is available at no cost at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page/series?id… compliments of the IEEE GET program)

A common framework for sensor performance specification terminology, units, conditions, and limits is provided. Specifically, the accelerometer, magnetometer, gyrometer/ gyroscope, accelerometer/magnetometer/gyroscope combination sensors, barometer/pressure sensors, hygrometer/humidity sensors, temperature sensors, light sensors (ambient and RGB), and proximity sensors are discussed.