IEEE

This standard defines an extension framework based on IEEE 2140.1-2020. The extension framework uses a Smart Contract mechanism to process transactions on an exchange, to replace the role of exchange operators. This standard also defines a series of extensible interfaces for the exchange scenario, enabling support of third-party financial derivatives using tokens.

In this standard requirements are defined for multiple aspects of security management for customer cryptographic assets on cryptocurrency exchanges, such as user identification using multi-factor authentication, prioritized protection of customer assets under unforeseen circumstances, and professional ethics of operation for cryptocurrency exchange platforms.

Self-discipline and professional ethics of cryptocurrency exchange platforms, as well as relevance between them and to cryptocurrency wallets are covered in this standard. Exchange business logic, operational procedures, user authentication programs are also covered in this standard. In addition, a small but necessary technical category of requirements, including terminologies, basic architectural framework, key indicators, end-user interface specifications, in order to achieve the previously mentioned goals is covered in this standard.

This standard can be applied to internet-based business scenarios, and can also be served serve as a practical guide to achieve help assess business security risk control through the big data technology. This standard can be applied in other types of organization, including public or privately-owned or state-owned enterprises, associations, or organizations, or by individuals, to improve assessment of their protection capability against business security risks based on big data technology.

This standard establishes a practical, technical baseline of specific methodologies and tools for the development, implementation, and use of effective fail-safe mechanisms in autonomous and semi-autonomous systems. The standard includes (but is not limited to): clear procedures for measuring, testing, and certifying a system's ability to fail safely on a scale from weak to strong, and instructions for improvement in the case of unsatisfactory performance. The standard serves as the basis for developers, as well as users and regulators, to design fail-safe mechanisms in a robust, transparent, and accountable manner.

Blockchain-based digital assets exist in a specific system in the form of digitization. Considering the diversity of blockchain systems and applications, as well as the diversity of digital assets in these systems and applications, digital assets based on blockchain systems have typical characteristics such as intangibility, encryption verification mechanism, use of distributed ledgers, decentralization, consensus algorithms, etc. For better classification and management, this standard provides a unified classification method for blockchain digital assets for reference. This standard proposes the principles and methods for the classification of blockchain-based digital assets. This standard follows the principles of scientificity, systematicness and scalability, and proposes an attribute-based classification method for blockchain digital assets, whose classification attributes include technical attributes, economic attributes and legal attributes.

The technical architecture and details of three cross-chain approaches is described in this standard, including Centralized/Multi-signature Notary-based cross-chain technology, HTLC-based cross chain technology and Relay Chain-based cross-chain technology.

This standard defines a set of protocols that enable Blockchain networks to locate each other's trusted nodes through standardized names. The set of protocols define a naming scheme, an interface for name registration, and the data format that request and response messages use to resolve names.

This standard defines the types of occupations, competency requirements, and evaluation methods of blockchain and distributed ledger technology for service practitioners, including but not limited to competency elements, evaluated process, and employment grade. This standard applies to the ability evaluation and training of blockchain and distributed ledger technology service practitioners.

The standard establishes access control requirements for blockchain systems. The standard addresses the following access control attributes of the system, including but not limited to:a) Node permissions - the permissions of block generation, block synchronization, block verification and broadcasting, and sending transactions.b) Smart contract access permissions - interface access control, user access control, and hybrid access control.c) User permissions - registered user permissions and unregistered permissions. The concept of role is applied to differentiate the permissions of registered users, which means permissions vary according to the role of a user.d) Global permissions - user access to deploy smart contracts, and to read smart contracts.

This standard defines a decentralized identity and access management (IAM) framework for the Internet of Things (IoT) based on the emerging concepts such as decentralized identifiers (DIDs) and verifiable credentials (VCs). The framework addresses the integration of DIDs and VCs into the lifecycle of IoT devices as well as the decentralized IoT security services such as device authentication, data authorization and access control.

This guide provides an open, common, and interoperable reference framework model for distributed ledger technology (DLT), such as blockchain in the energy sector. It also covers three aspects:1) Serve as a guideline for Blockchain DLT use cases in Electrical Power industry; energy value industry chain, covering the Renewable energy industry and their renewable related sources services of generation.2) Create guide on reference architecture framework, including interoperability, terminology, functionality, and system interfaces for blockchain DLT applications in the energy sector by building an open protocol and technology agnostic layered framework.3) Evaluate and provide guidelines on scalability, performance, security, and interoperability through evaluation of consensus algorithm, smart contracts, and type of blockchain DLT implementation, etc. for the Energy sector.