Standard

ISO 10303-46 specifies the integrated resource constructs for Visual presentation. ISO 10303-46 specifies the integrated resources for the visualization of displayable product information. Presentation data as described in ISO 10303-46 are combined with product data and are exchanged together between systems with the aim that the receiving system can construct one or several pictures of the product information suitable for human perception. Product information can be visualized in two ways: either by realistic, life-like images according to the rules of projective geometry and light propagation and reflection, or by symbolic presentations that conform with draughting standards and conventions. ISO 10303-46 supports both types of presentations. The two types of visualization processes require different kinds of graphical transformations and these can be combined in the same picture. The actual generation of the picture from the product information and its presentation data is left to the receiving system. The rendered depiction can deviate from an ideal target because of limitations in the capabilities of graphics systems.

This document provides information based on a study of the characteristics of head-mounted displays (HMDs) regarding the ergonomics of human-system interaction. Although this document covers the broad range of ergonomics issues that arise, it specifically provides more-detailed information about the visual aspects of the interaction, and it provides information that could form the basis for future possible standards related to HMDs. NOTE: It is preferable to take systematic approach to consider characteristics of HMD, since HMD affects a viewer not only by visual aspects, but also by some other physical aspects.

This recommendation - International Standard provides accompanying reference software for ISO/IEC 23090-9 as an electronic attachment. The use of this reference software is not required for making an implementation of an encoder or decoder in conformance to ISO/IEC 23090-9. Requirements established in ISO/IEC 23090-9 take precedence over the behavior of the reference software.

Based on ISO/IEC 21823-1, this document provides the basic concepts for IoT systems and digital twin systems behavioral and policy interoperability. This includes - requirements - guidance on how to identify points of interoperability - guidance on how to express behavioral and policy information on capabilities - guidance on how to achieve trustworthiness interoperability, and - use cases and examples.

ISO/IEC 21823-3:2021 provides the basic concepts for IoT systems semantic interoperability, as described in the facet model of ISO/IEC 21823-1, including:(1) requirements of the core ontologies for semantic interoperability;(2) best practices and guidance on how to use ontologies and to develop domain-specific applications, including the need to allow for extensibility and connection to external ontologies;(3) cross-domain specification and formalization of ontologies to provide harmonized utilization of existing ontologies;(4) relevant IoT ontologies along with comparative study of the characteristics and approaches in terms of modularity, extensibility, reusability, scalability, interoperability with upper ontologies, and so on; and(5) use cases and service scenarios that exhibit necessities and requirements of semantic interoperability.

This document investigates barriers and proposes measures to improve interoperability between geospatial and BIM domains, namely, to align GIS standards developed by ISO/TC 211 and BIM standards developed by ISO/TC 59/SC 13. Where relevant this document takes into account work and documents from other organizations and committees, such as buildingSMART, International (bSI), Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN). The focus is to identify future topics for standardization and possible revision needs of existing standards. This document investigates conceptual and technological barriers between GIS and BIM domains at the data, service and process levels, as defined by ISO 11354 (all parts).

Advice is given for cloud computing ecosystem participants (cloud vendors, service providers, and users) of standards-based choices in areas such as application interfaces, portability interfaces, management interfaces, interoperability interfaces, file formats, and operation conventions. These choices are grouped into multiple logical profiles, which are organized to address different cloud roles.

A functional model for federation based on the NIST Cloud Federation Reference Architecture is defined in this standard. This model allows a range of deployment topologies and governance. As a general federation model, it can be applied to many application domains using different implementation approaches. As such, it includes cloud-to-cloud federation and interoperability.

This standard provides a general shared function model for cloud computing, in order to normalize how functions are shared between cloud service providers (CSPs) and cloud service customers (CSCs). The standard specifies functions ownership from seven aspects for three main cloud service delivery models, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). The seven aspects of function are as follows:1) The physical infrastructure function.2) The virtualization infrastructure function.3) The operating system function.4) The network control function.5) The application function.6) The data function.7) The identity and access management function. Each of the seven aspects considers many factors including security, management, etc. In this standard, levels 1 to 4, which are clearly the service provider's function for IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS, are briefly mentioned for the integrity of the model. This standard focuses on levels 5, 6, and 7.

The standard specifies how Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) devices should be set up and used in the enterprise; in a manner that ensures Health and Safety (H&S) is maintained, H&S consequences are understood, and additional risks are not introduced. Within this concept of safe usage, there is particular focus on guidance around safe immersion (time) and safety in the workplace. This ISO/IEC standard:(a) defines the concepts of AR, VR, the virtuality continuum and other associated terms such as Augmented Virtuality and Mixed Reality;(b) provides guidance on setting up AR systems;(c) provides guidance on setting up VR systems;(d) provides guidance on safe usage and immersion in AR systems both in the consumer and enterprise domains; and(e) provides guidance on safe usage and immersion in VR systems both in the consumer and enterprise domains.This standard focuses on visual aspects of AR and VR. Other modes such as haptics and olfactory are not addressed within this standard. The standard covers both the hardware (the physical VR/AR head mounted displays) and areas of visual stimulus (the environments and graphics displayed in those headsets). The standard does not cover all possible visual stimulus scenarios; focus is directed toward those areas that are known to have implications on safe use. This specifically includes the source vection (visual illusion of self-motion in physically stationary VR/AR users) and/or motion (physical movement of VR/AR users) and associated safe use considerations. It should be noted that AR/VR have some shared safety concerns, but many are distinct to AR or VR and a consumer or enterprise environment. As such all of these are in scope, and the standard is structured to account for these differences.

This document establishes the requirements and recommendations for image contents and electronic display systems to reduce visually induced motion sickness (VIMS), while viewing images on electronic displays. This document is applicable to electronic display systems, including flat panel displays, projectors with a screen, and virtual reality (VR) type of head mounted displays (HMDs), but not including HMDs that present electronic images on/with real-world scenes. NOTE 1: This document assumes the images are viewed under appropriate defined conditions. See Annex B for the appropriate viewing conditions.NOTE 2: This document is useful for the design, development, and supply of image contents, as well as electronic displays for reducing VIMS.NOTE 3 ISO 9241-392[3] provides guidelines for stereoscopic 3D displays, of which the methods are also used in HMDs.NOTE 4 The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) generally sets the standards for broadcasting.

ISO 9241-910:2011 provides a framework for understanding and communicating various aspects of tactile/haptic interaction. It defines terms, describes structures and models, and gives explanations related to the other parts of the ISO 9241 ""900"" subseries. It also provides guidance on how various forms of interaction can be applied to a variety of user tasks. It is applicable to all types of interactive systems making use of tactile/haptic devices and interactions. It does not address purely kinaesthetic interactions, such as gestures, although it might be useful for understanding such interactions.