This document specifies a schema for feature concept dictionaries to be established and managed as registers. It does not specify schemas for feature catalogues or for the management of feature catalogues as registers. However, as feature catalogues are often derived from feature concept dictionaries, this document does specify a schema for a hierarchical register of feature concept dictionaries and feature catalogues. These registers are in accordance with ISO 19135‑1.
This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO 19125-1:2004 establishes a common architecture for geographic information and defines terms to use within the architecture. It also standardizes names and geometric definitions for Types for Geometry. ISO 19125-1:2004 does not place any requirements on how to define the Geometry Types in the internal schema nor does it place any requirements on when or how or who defines the Geometry Types. ISO 19125-1:2004 does not attempt to standardize and does not depend upon any part of the mechanism by which Types are added and maintained.
This document is the first of a family of standards. This document defines a conceptual schema for coverages. A coverage is a mapping from a spatial, temporal or spatiotemporal domain to attribute values sharing the same attribute type. A coverage domain consists of a collection of direct positions in a coordinate space that can be defined in terms of spatial and/or temporal dimensions, as well as non-spatiotemporal (in ISO 19111:2019, “parametric”) dimensions. Examples of coverages include point clouds, grids, meshes, triangulated irregular networks, and polygon sets. Coverages are the prevailing data structures in a number of application areas, such as remote sensing, meteorology and mapping of depth, elevation, soil and vegetation. This document defines the coverage concept including the relationship between the domain of a coverage and its associated attribute range. This document defines the characteristics of the domain. The characteristics of the attribute range are not defined in this document, but are defined in implementation standards. Consequently, the standardization target of this document consists of implementation standards, not concrete implementations themselves.
This document is the first of a family of standards. The Geography Markup Language (GML) is an XML encoding in accordance with ISO 19118 for the transport and storage of geographic information modelled in accordance with the conceptual modelling framework used in the ISO 19100 series of International Standards and including both the spatial and non-spatial properties of geographic features. This document defines the XML Schema syntax, mechanisms and conventions that:
(1) provide an open, vendor-neutral framework for the description of geospatial application schemas for the transport and storage of geographic information in XML;
(2) allow profiles that support proper subsets of GML framework descriptive capabilities;
(3) support the description of geospatial application schemas for specialized domains and information communities;
(4) enable the creation and maintenance of linked geographic application schemas and datasets;
(5) support the storage and transport of application schemas and datasets; and
(6) increase the ability of organizations to share geographic application schemas and the information they describe.
Implementers can decide to store geographic application schemas and information in GML, or they can decide to convert from some other storage format on demand and use GML only for schema and data transport.
NOTE: If an ISO 19109 conformant application schema described in UML is used as the basis for the storage and transportation of geographic information, this document provides normative rules for the mapping of such an application schema to a GML application schema in XML Schema and, as such, to an XML encoding for data with a logical structure in accordance with the ISO 19109 conformant application schema.
ISO 19137:2007 defines a core profile of the spatial schema specified in ISO 19107 that specifies, in accordance with ISO 19106, a minimal set of geometric elements necessary for the efficient creation of application schemata. It supports many of the spatial data formats and description languages already developed and in broad use within several nations or liaison organizations.
ISO 19141:2008 defines a method to describe the geometry of a feature that moves as a rigid body. Such movement has the following characteristics.
(a) The feature moves within any domain composed of spatial objects as specified in ISO 19107.
(b) The feature may move along a planned route, but it may deviate from the planned route.
(c) Motion may be influenced by physical forces, such as orbital, gravitational, or inertial forces.
(d) Motion of a feature may influence or be influenced by other features, for example:
- The moving feature might follow a predefined route (e.g. road), perhaps part of a network, and might change routes at known points (e.g. bus stops, waypoints).
- Two or more moving features may be pulled together or pushed apart (e.g. an airplane will be refuelled during flight, a predator detects and tracks a prey, refugee groups join forces).
- Two or more moving features may be constrained to maintain a given spatial relationship for some period (e.g. tractor and trailer, convoy).
ISO 19141:2008 does not address other types of change to the feature. Examples of changes that are not addressed include the following:
(a) The deformation of features.
(b) The succession of either features or their associations.
(c) The change of non-spatial attributes of features.
The feature's geometric representation cannot be embedded in a geometric complex that contains the geometric representations of other features, since this would require the other features' representations to be updated as the feature moves. Because ISO 19141:2008 is concerned with the geometric description of feature movement, it does not specify a mechanism for describing feature motion in terms of geographic identifiers. This is done, in part, in ISO 19133.
ISO 19154:2014 defines a reference model for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information. This reference model uses standard concepts from both the Open distributed processing ? Reference model (RM-ODP) in ISO/IEC 10746‑1 and ISO 19101. The reference model specified in ISO 19154:2014 defines the following:
(1) conceptual models for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information;
(2) a reference model and framework to support current and future specification development in this area;
(3) the semantics of information and processing within systems and services for the UPA of geographic information; and
(4) the architectural relationship between this International Standard and other ISO geographic information standards.
ISO 19154 is applicable to location-based services (LBS), ubiquitous computing environments, linked open data, and other domains that require a seamless public access to geographic information. Although structured in the context of information technology and information technology standards, ISO 19154:2014 is independent of any application development method or technology implementation approach.
(a) defines a reference Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) covering basic information-related components of land administration (including those over water and land, and elements above and below the surface of the earth);
(b) provides an abstract, conceptual model with four packages related to parties (people and organizations); basic administrative units, rights, responsibilities, and restrictions (ownership rights); spatial units (parcels, and the legal space of buildings and utility networks); spatial sources (surveying), and spatial representations (geometry and topology);
(c) provides terminology for land administration, based on various national and international systems, that is as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology allows a shared description of different formal or informal practices and procedures in various jurisdictions;
(d) provides a basis for national and regional profiles; and
(e) enables the combining of land administration information from different sources in a coherent manner.
ISO 19149:2011 defines an XML-based vocabulary or language to express rights for geographic information in order that digital licenses can be created for such information and related services. This language, GeoREL, is an extension of the rights expression language in ISO/IEC 21000-5 and is to be used to compose digital licenses. Each digital license will unambiguously express those particular rights that the owners (or their agent) of a digital geographic resource extend to the holders of that license. The digital rights management system in which these licenses are used can then offer ex ante (before the fact) protection for all such resources. The proper use of a GeoREL includes the preservation of rights access by formula expressed in usage licenses. Thus, data in the public or private domain, when protected, remain in their respective domains if the usage rights granted so state. These rights are not always covered by copyright law, and are often the result of contracts between individuals that specify the proper and allowed uses of resources, as opposed to the threat of copyright litigations which is an ex post facto (after the fact) remediation measure, not an ex ante protection measure. ISO 19149:2011 is not a reflection of, or extension of, copyright law. Mechanisms for the enforcement and preservation of those contract rights are specified in ISO/IEC 21000, and it is not the intention of ISO 19149:2011 to replace nor redefine those mechanisms, but to use them as previously standardized.
This document specifies a conceptual schema for locations relative to a one-dimensional object as measurement along (and optionally offset from) that object. It defines a description of the data and operations required to use and support linear referencing. This document is applicable to transportation, utilities, environmental protection, location-based services and other applications which define locations relative to linear objects. For ease of reading, most examples discussed in this document come from the transportation domain.
ISO 19147:2015 specifies the data types and code lists associated with those types for the implementation of transfer nodes and their services in transport modelling and location based services. It includes the following:
(1) defines transfer nodes in a multimodal way so that the definition is general and valid for all types of transport means and modes;
(2) links transfer nodes to a location;
(3) focuses on the attributes defining the transfer node in relation to nodes in mode-specific networks;
(4) defines the attributes of transfer nodes that are relevant for travel planning and modelling of interoperable transport systems by transport planners; and
(5) defines a set of services and facilities that may be related to transfer nodes and a way to provide information on accessibility, deviations and restrictions related to these services and facilities.
ISO 19147:2015 is applicable for transport infrastructure owners and operators when defining and/or describing their transport infrastructure and for transport-related Service Providers when providing information to travellers and others. It is limited to the transport of persons and is also limited to the static getting-on and getting-off points. The main focus is on transfer nodes being part of public transport networks, that are located in road networks, but this International Standard is also applicable for transfer nodes in rail networks and in air and sea transport networks.
This document establishes a methodology for cross-mapping vocabularies. It also specifies an implementation of ISO 19135-1:2015 for the purpose of registering cross-mapped vocabulary entries. Methodologies for the development of ontologies and taxonomies that relate to geographic information and geomatics are not within the scope of this document.
