ISO

ISO 19145:2013 specifies the process for establishing, maintaining and publishing registers of representation of geographic point location in compliance with ISO 19135. It identifies and describes the information elements and the structure of a register of representations of geographic point location including the elements for the conversion of one representation to another. ISO 19145:2013 also specifies the XML implementation of the required XML extension to ISO/TS 19135-2, for the implementation of a register of geographic point location representations.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO 19144-1:2009 establishes the structure of a geographic information classification system, together with the mechanism for defining and registering the classifiers for such a system. It specifies the use of discrete coverages to represent the result of applying the classification system to a particular area and defines the technical structure of a register of classifiers in accordance with ISO 19135.

ISO 19143:2010 describes an XML and KVP encoding of a system neutral syntax for expressing projections, selection and sorting clauses collectively called a query expression. These components are modular and intended to be used together or individually by other International Standards which reference ISO 19143:2010.

ISO 19142:2010 specifies the behaviour of a web feature service that provides transactions on and access to geographic features in a manner independent of the underlying data store. It specifies discovery operations, query operations, locking operations, transaction operations and operations to manage stored parameterized query expressions.

This document specifies a taxonomy and an ontology for blockchain and distributed ledger technologies (DLT). The taxonomy includes a taxonomy of concepts, a taxonomy of DLT systems and a taxonomy of application domains, purposes and economy activity sections for use cases. The ontology includes classes and attributes as well as relations between concepts. The audience includes but is not limited to academics, architects, customers, users, tool developers, regulators, auditors and standards development organizations.

ISO/TS 19150-1:2012 defines the framework for semantic interoperability of geographic information. This framework defines a high level model of the components required to handle semantics in the ISO geographic information standards with the use of ontologies.

ISO/IEC 21000-21:2017 specifies an ontology for representing contracts in the Multimedia Framework formed for the transaction of MPEG-21 Digital Items or services related to the MPEG-21 Framework. Media Contract Ontology (MCO) aims to digitally express agreements made in environments using ISO/IEC 21000. These agreements are contracts for transactions of content packed as Digital Items, as well as for services provided around this content by means of a sematic representation. The range of contracts under scope are as follows: - contracts about transactions on rights for the exploitation of content as MPEG-21 Digital Items; - contracts about the provision of MPEG-21-based services, like delivery, identification, encryption, search and others. However, MCO can also be used as electronic format for contracts on the trade of media rights beyond the MPEG framework.

ISO/IEC 21000-19:2010 describes MPEG-21 Media Value Chain Ontology (MVCO). The MVCO may be used to capture knowledge about media value chains and to represent it in a computer readable way, concepts in the domain and the relationships between those concepts. ISO/IEC 21000-19:2010 describes the following technology. <ul><li>Model: the model is described in Clause 6, by way of a narrative description of the Value Chain, its main elements and relations.</li><li>Representation: the MVCO has been formalised as a normative OWL Ontology, and the description of which is given in this Clause. The description consists of listing the classes, the object properties, the datatype properties, and the class individuals. Classes are described by giving the name, an English definition, the class hierarchy, and the restrictions imposed on the class. The representation is given in Clause 7. Annex B<b> </b>contains the normative OWL (XML/RDF) comprising the entire semantics of the elements in the model.</li><li>Ontology use: an Informative section is provided with non normative descriptions of use, extensions and an API (Annex A).</li></ul>

ISO/IEC 21000-21:2017 specifies an ontology for representing contracts in the Multimedia Framework formed for the transaction of MPEG-21 Digital Items or services related to the MPEG-21 Framework. Media Contract Ontology (MCO) aims to digitally express agreements made in environments using ISO/IEC 21000. These agreements are contracts for transactions of content packed as Digital Items, as well as for services provided around this content by means of a sematic representation. The range of contracts under scope are as follows: - contracts about transactions on rights for the exploitation of content as MPEG-21 Digital Items; - contracts about the provision of MPEG-21-based services, like delivery, identification, encryption, search and others. However, MCO can also be used as electronic format for contracts on the trade of media rights beyond the MPEG framework.

ISO/IEC 21000-19:2010 describes MPEG-21 Media Value Chain Ontology (MVCO). The MVCO may be used to capture knowledge about media value chains and to represent it in a computer readable way, concepts in the domain and the relationships between those concepts. ISO/IEC 21000-19:2010 describes the following technology. Model: the model is described in Clause 6, by way of a narrative description of the Value Chain, its main elements and relations. Representation: the MVCO has been formalised as a normative OWL Ontology, and the description of which is given in this Clause. The description consists of listing the classes, the object properties, the datatype properties, and the class individuals. Classes are described by giving the name, an English definition, the class hierarchy, and the restrictions imposed on the class. The representation is given in Clause 7. Annex B contains the normative OWL (XML/RDF) comprising the entire semantics of the elements in the model. Ontology use: an Informative section is provided with non normative descriptions of use, extensions and an API (Annex A).

This document provides the basic concepts for IoT systems semantic interoperability, as described in the facet model of ISO/IEC 21823-1, including: - requirements of the core ontologies for semantic interoperability; - best practices and guidance on how to use ontologies and to develop domain-specific applications, including the need to allow for extensibility and connection to external ontologies; - cross-domain specification and formalization of ontologies to provide harmonized utilization of existing ontologies; - relevant IoT ontologies along with comparative study of the characteristics and approaches in terms of modularity, extensibility, reusability, scalability, interoperability with upper ontologies, and so on, and; - use cases and service scenarios that exhibit necessities and requirements of semantic interoperability.

This document describes Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), which is an ontology that is conformant to the requirements specified for top-level ontologies inISO/IEC218381. It describes BFO as a resource designed to support the interchange of information among heterogeneous information systems. The following are within the scope of this document: definitions of BFO-2020 terms and relations; axiomatizations of BFO-2020 in OWL2 and CL; documentation of the conformity of BFO-2020 to the requirements specified for top-level ontologies inISO/IEC218381; specification of the requirements for a domain ontology if it is to serve as a module in a suite of ontologies in which BFO serves as top-level ontology hub by providing a starting point for the introduction of the most general terms in those domain ontologies which are its nearest neighbours within the suite; specification of the role played by the terms in BFO in the formulation of definitions and axioms in ontologies at lower levels that conform to BFO. The following are outside the scope of this document: specification of ontology languages, including the languages RDF, OWL, and CL standardly used in ontology development; specification of methods for reasoning with ontologies; specification of translators between the notations of ontologies developed in different ontology languages.