ISO

This document is the first of a family of standards. This document defines a conceptual schema for coverages. A coverage is a mapping from a spatial, temporal or spatiotemporal domain to attribute values sharing the same attribute type. A coverage domain consists of a collection of direct positions in a coordinate space that can be defined in terms of spatial and/or temporal dimensions, as well as non-spatiotemporal (in ISO 19111:2019, “parametric”) dimensions. Examples of coverages include point clouds, grids, meshes, triangulated irregular networks, and polygon sets. Coverages are the prevailing data structures in a number of application areas, such as remote sensing, meteorology and mapping of depth, elevation, soil and vegetation. This document defines the coverage concept including the relationship between the domain of a coverage and its associated attribute range. This document defines the characteristics of the domain. The characteristics of the attribute range are not defined in this document, but are defined in implementation standards. Consequently, the standardization target of this document consists of implementation standards, not concrete implementations themselves.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO 19125-1:2004 establishes a common architecture for geographic information and defines terms to use within the architecture. It also standardizes names and geometric definitions for Types for Geometry. ISO 19125-1:2004 does not place any requirements on how to define the Geometry Types in the internal schema nor does it place any requirements on when or how or who defines the Geometry Types. ISO 19125-1:2004 does not attempt to standardize and does not depend upon any part of the mechanism by which Types are added and maintained.

This document specifies a schema for feature concept dictionaries to be established and managed as registers. It does not specify schemas for feature catalogues or for the management of feature catalogues as registers. However, as feature catalogues are often derived from feature concept dictionaries, this document does specify a schema for a hierarchical register of feature concept dictionaries and feature catalogues. These registers are in accordance with ISO 19135‑1.

This document defines the management and operations of the ISO geodetic register and identifies the data elements, in accordance with ISO 19111:2007 and the core schema within ISO 19135‑1:2015, required within the geodetic register.

This document is the first of a family of standards. This document identifies the information required to determine the relationship between the position of a remotely sensed pixel in image coordinates and its geoposition. It supports exploitation of remotely sensed images. It defines the metadata to be distributed with the image to enable user determination of geographic position from the observations. This document specifies several ways in which information in support of geopositioning can be provided.a) It may be provided as a sensor description with the associated physical and geometric information necessary to rigorously construct a PSM. For the case where precise geoposition information is needed, this document identifies the mathematical equations for rigorously constructing PSMs that relate 2D image space to 3D ground space and the calculation of the associated propagated errors. This document provides detailed information for three types of passive electro-optical/ IR sensors (frame, pushbroom and whiskbroom) and for an active microwave sensing system SAR. It provides a framework by which these sensor models can be extended to other sensor types.b) It can be provided as a TRM, using functions whose coefficients are based on a PSM so that they provide information for precise geopositioning, including the calculation of errors, as precisely as the PSM they replace.c) It can be provided as a CM that provides a functional fitting based on observed relationships between the geopositions of a set of GCPs and their image coordinates.d) It can be provided as a set of GCPs that can be used to develop a CM or to refine a PSM or TRM.This document does not specify either how users derive geoposition data or the format or content of the data the users generate.

ISO 19128:2005 specifies the behaviour of a service that produces spatially referenced maps dynamically from geographic information. It specifies operations to retrieve a description of the maps offered by a server, to retrieve a map, and to query a server about features displayed on a map. ISO 19128:2005 is applicable to pictorial renderings of maps in a graphical format; it is not applicable to retrieval of actual feature data or coverage data values.

ISO 32000-1:2008 specifies a digital form for representing electronic documents to enable users to exchange and view electronic documents independent of the environment in which they were created or the environment in which they are viewed or printed. It is intended for the developer of software that creates PDF files (conforming writers), software that reads existing PDF files and interprets their contents for display and interaction (conforming readers) and PDF products that read and/or write PDF files for a variety of other purposes (conforming products).

This document specifies requirements for the preparation, revision and presentation of digital product definition data, hereafter referred to as data sets, complementing existing standards. It supports two methods of application: 3D model-only and 3D model with 2D drawing in digital format. The structure of this document presents requirements common to both methods followed by clauses providing for any essential, differing requirements for each method. Additionally, its use in conjunction with computer-aided design (CAD) systems can assist in the progression towards improved modelling and annotation practices for CAD and engineering disciplines, as well as serving as a guideline for CAx software developers.

This standard specifies terms, methods, and considerations related to the processing of scan data using software after acquiring human body scan data using a 3-D human body scanner. NOTE Knowledge and experience in the processing and analysis of 3-D point-cloud and mesh are required to improve the quality of human body scan data while maintaining its morphological characteristics for its application to the design of a particular product, workplace, and/or system. Custom software can be developed to support the processing of human body scan data by incorporating terms, methods, and considerations in this standard in a selective manner.

This document is the first of a family of standards. This document focuses on the method of quantifying the differences in body dimensions and visualizing shape differences between the human body and a virtual human body model. This document provides a performance evaluation protocol for virtual human body representation systems, which create virtual human body (including virtual fit mannequin) models based on 3D body scan data and/or body dimensions data of a human body. The required accuracy of a virtual human body depends on the purpose and use of the digital fitting system.

ISO 18825-2:2016 defines the terms used to describe the virtual human body which is used in virtual garment systems. Specifically, virtual body landmarks and virtual body dimensions are described. It mainly deals with vocabulary and terminology of essential virtual body dimensions of the virtual torso, arm, leg, head, face, hands and bones and joints of virtual human body. Since there are many body landmarks on the head and hand, landmarks on these parts are defined separately from those on other parts of the body. It is intended for developers of virtual garment systems. Although ISO 18825-2:2016 does not aim at users of virtual human body in online communication, the improved reliability of virtual human body will benefit them.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO 18825-1:2016 covers vocabulary and terminology used for the virtual human body in the virtual garment system used as a main tool in various fields of clothing application. It is applicable to all stages of online clothing communication and business, including design, manufacture, order, sales, distribution and customer management.