ISO

This document specifies requirements for the preparation, revision and presentation of digital product definition data, hereafter referred to as data sets, complementing existing standards. It supports two methods of application: 3D model-only and 3D model with 2D drawing in digital format. The structure of this document presents requirements common to both methods followed by clauses providing for any essential, differing requirements for each method. Additionally, its use in conjunction with computer-aided design (CAD) systems can assist in the progression towards improved modelling and annotation practices for CAD and engineering disciplines, as well as serving as a guideline for CAx software developers.

This standard specifies terms, methods, and considerations related to the processing of scan data using software after acquiring human body scan data using a 3-D human body scanner. NOTE Knowledge and experience in the processing and analysis of 3-D point-cloud and mesh are required to improve the quality of human body scan data while maintaining its morphological characteristics for its application to the design of a particular product, workplace, and/or system. Custom software can be developed to support the processing of human body scan data by incorporating terms, methods, and considerations in this standard in a selective manner.

This document is the first of a family of standards. This document focuses on the method of quantifying the differences in body dimensions and visualizing shape differences between the human body and a virtual human body model. This document provides a performance evaluation protocol for virtual human body representation systems, which create virtual human body (including virtual fit mannequin) models based on 3D body scan data and/or body dimensions data of a human body. The required accuracy of a virtual human body depends on the purpose and use of the digital fitting system.

ISO 18825-2:2016 defines the terms used to describe the virtual human body which is used in virtual garment systems. Specifically, virtual body landmarks and virtual body dimensions are described. It mainly deals with vocabulary and terminology of essential virtual body dimensions of the virtual torso, arm, leg, head, face, hands and bones and joints of virtual human body. Since there are many body landmarks on the head and hand, landmarks on these parts are defined separately from those on other parts of the body. It is intended for developers of virtual garment systems. Although ISO 18825-2:2016 does not aim at users of virtual human body in online communication, the improved reliability of virtual human body will benefit them.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO 18825-1:2016 covers vocabulary and terminology used for the virtual human body in the virtual garment system used as a main tool in various fields of clothing application. It is applicable to all stages of online clothing communication and business, including design, manufacture, order, sales, distribution and customer management.

ISO 18133:2016 defines the terms that are commonly used for the digital fitting system. The digital fitting system includes virtual fabric, virtual fabric properties, virtual garment pattern, virtual garment pattern properties, virtual sewing line, virtual garment, and virtual garment simulation of a virtual garment on a virtual human body model for fit assessment.

ISO 19104:2016 specifies requirements for the collection, management and publication of terminology in the field of geographic information. The scope of this document includes: - selection of concepts, harmonization of concepts and development of concept systems, - structure and content of terminological entries, - term selection, - definition preparation, - cultural and linguistic adaptation, - layout and formatting requirements in rendered documents, and - establishment and management of terminology registers.ISO 19104:2016 is applicable to International Standards and Technical Specifications in the field of geographic information.

ISO 19103:2015 provides rules and guidelines for the use of a conceptual schema language within the context of geographic information. The chosen conceptual schema language is the Unified Modeling Language (UML). ISO 19103.2015 provides a profile of the Unified Modelling Language (UML). The standardization target type of this standard is UML schemas describing geographic information.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO 19101-1:2014 defines the reference model for standardization in the field of geographic information. This reference model describes the notion of interoperability and sets forth the fundamentals by which this standardization takes place. Although structured in the context of information technology and information technology standards, ISO 19101-1:2014 is independent of any application development method or technology implementation approach.

PSL is being incorporated into the TUpper ontology as Part 4 of ISO 21838 (Top Level Ontologies). In particular, TUpper extends PSL with modules for physical objects, location, and units of measure, thus addressing the shortcomings of using PSL alone. In these notes, we summarize various aspects of PSL and TUpper with respect to the IOF selection criteria for a foundational ontology.

The Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering (DOLCE) is a top-level ontology (TLO) conforming to ISO/IEC 21838-1. It contains definitions of its terms and relational expressions and formal representations in OWL 2 and in Common Logic (CL). DOLCE is a top-level ontology aimed at making explicit people-s assumptions about the nature and structure of the world, as reflected by natural language, cognition and human common sense. DOLCE is widely used by a diverse array of domain ontologies in areas like enterprise and process modeling, engineering, robotics, geographical information systems, socio-technical systems and digital humanities. The natural language specification of the DOLCE signature supports human maintenance and use of the ontology, including use in development of conformant domain ontologies. The adoption of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) as a W3C standard was motivated by the need to have a decidable ontology representation language as the basis for the Semantic Web. The OWL 2 formalization of DOLCE supports use of the ontology in computing, including enabling DOLCE to be used in tandem with other ontologies expressed in OWL and in related languages, and in allowing ontology quality control through use of OWL reasoners. The CL formalization of DOLCE provides the expressivity needed to provide an axiomatization whose models are the intended models of DOLCE. This axiomatization has a modular structure (see Figure 2 where the arrows represent the relation of extension of theories). This document conforms to ISO/IEC 21838-1.

ISO/TS 19150-1:2012 defines the framework for semantic interoperability of geographic information. This framework defines a high level model of the components required to handle semantics in the ISO geographic information standards with the use of ontologies.