Smart and Sustainable Cities

The technical specifications for, and testing of, the interconnection and interoperability between utility electric power systems (EPSs) and distributed energy resources (DERs) are the focus of this standard. It provides requirements relevant to the performance, operation, testing, safety considerations, and maintenance of the interconnection. It also includes general requirements, response to abnormal conditions, power quality, islanding, and test specifications and requirements for design, production, installation evaluation, commissioning, and periodic tests. The stated requirements are universally needed for interconnection of DER, including synchronous machines, induction machines, or power inverters/converters and will be sufficient for most installations. The criteria and requirements are applicable to all DER technologies interconnected to EPSs at typical primary and/or secondary distribution voltages. Installation of DER on radial primary and secondary distribution systems is the main emphasis of this document, although installation of DERs on primary and secondary network distribution systems is considered. This standard is written considering that the DER is a 60 Hz source.

IEEE Std 1547.7(TM) is part of the IEEE 1547(TM) series of standards. Whereas IEEE Std 1547(TM)-2003 provides mandatory requirements for the interconnection of distributed resources (DR) with electric power systems (EPS), this guide does not presume the interconnection is IEEE 1547(TM) compliant. Further, this guide does not interpret IEEE Std 1547(TM) or other standards in the IEEE 1547(TM) series, and this guide does not provide additional requirements or recommended practices related to the other IEEE 1547(TM) documents. However, DR interconnection may contribute to resultant conditions that could exceed what was normally planned for and built into the distribution system. This guide provides alternative approaches and good practices for engineering studies of the potential impacts of a DR or aggregate DR interconnected to the electric power distribution system. This guide describes criteria, scope, and extent for those engineering studies. Study scope and extent are described as functions of identifiable characteristics of the DR, the EPS, and the interconnection. The intent includes promoting impact study consistency while helping identify only those studies that should be performed based on technically transparent criteria for the DR interconnection.

Recommendations and guidance for distributed resources (DR) interconnected on the distribution secondary networks, including both spot networks and grid networks, are provided. This document gives an overview of distribution secondary network systems design, components, and operation; describes considerations for interconnecting DR with networks; and provides potential solutions for the interconnection of DR on network distribution systems. IEEE Std 1547.6-2011 is part of the IEEE 1547(TM) series of standards. IEEE Std 1547-2003 provides mandatory requirements for the interconnection of DR with EPSs and focuses primarily on radial distribution circuit interconnections. For DR interconnected on networks, all of IEEE Std 1547-2003 needs to be satisfied. IEEE Std 1547.6-2011 was specifically developed to provide additional information in regard to interconnecting DR with distribution secondary networks.

Alternative approaches and good practices for the design, operation, and integration of distributed resource (DR) island systems with electric power systems (EPS) are provided. This includes the ability to separate from and reconnect to part of the area EPS while providing power to the islanded EPSs. This guide includes the DRs, interconnection systems, and participating EPSs.

The type, production, commissioning, and periodic tests, and evaluations that shall be performed to confirm that the interconnection and interoperation functions of equipment and systems interconnecting distributed energy resources with the electric power system conform to IEEE Std 1547 are specified in this standard.

Security issues related to human intrusion upon electric power supply substations are identified and discussed. Various methods and techniques presently being used to mitigate human intrusions are also presented in this guide.

A worldwide standard for narrowband power line communications (PLC) via alternating current, direct current, and nonenergized electric power lines using frequencies below 500 kHz. Data rates of up to 500 kb/s are supported. The field of use includes Smart Grid applications. Coexistence mechanisms that can be used by other PLC technologies operating below 500 kHz are also included. These coexistence mechanisms may be used separately from the rest of the standard.

ISO 37100:2016 defines terms relating to sustainable development in communities, smart community infrastructure and related subjects.

ISO 37101:2016 establishes requirements for a management system for sustainable development in communities, including cities, using a holistic approach, with a view to ensuring consistency with the sustainable development policy of communities.

This document gives guidance for leaders in smart cities and communities (from the public, private and voluntary sectors) on how to develop an open, collaborative, citizen-centric and digitally-enabled operating model for their city that puts its vision for a sustainable future into operation.

This document provides a top-level maturity model for smart sustainable communities (MMSSC), which can be used for self-assessment by individual cities and communities and as the basis for cross-city benchmarking. The MMSSC is a simple way for community leaders to assess how mature their community is in its journey towards adoption of good practices as set out in ISO standards for sustainable and smart-enabled development; to identify strengths and weaknesses; and then to quickly find their way to the international standards and guidance that are most relevant to their needs.

The present document discusses the concepts which are foundational for Cross-Cutting Context Information Management (C3IM) and their application to a selection of Use Cases from the domains of Smart Cities, Smart Agrifood and Smart Industry. These areas of application, together with the general area of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and services, are expected to especially benefit from usage of cross-cutting (cross domain) context information, and from a set of specifications for the APIs supporting C3IM. The present document covers the following: