ISO

This part of ISO 10303 specifies the use of the integrated resources necessary for the scope and information requirements for the exchange of building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information between application systems with explicit shape representations. Building elements are those physical things of which a building is composed, such as structural elements, enclosing and separating elements, service elements, fixtures and equipment, and spaces. Building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information requirements can be used at all stages of the life cycle of a building, including the design process, construction, and maintenance. Building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information requirements specified in this part of ISO 10303 support the following activities:

(a) concurrent design processes or building design iterations;

(b) integration of building structure designs with building systems designs to enable design analysis;

(c) building design visualization;

(d) specifications for construction and maintenance;

(e) analysis and review.

The following are within the scope of this part of ISO 10303:

(1) explicit representation of the three-dimensional shape of building elements using boundary representation (B-rep) solid models, swept solid models, or constructive solid geometry (CSG) models.

(2) the spatial configuration of building elements that comprise the assembled building;

(3) building structures that represent physically distinct buildings that are part of a single building complex;

(4) non-structural elements that enclose a building or separate areas within a building;

(5) the shape and arrangement of equipment and service elements that provide services to a building;

(6) the shape and arrangement of fixtures in a building;

(7) specification of spaces and levels;

(8) the shape of the site on which the building will be erected;

(9) specification of properties of building elements, including material composition;

(10) specification of classification information;

(11) association of properties and classification information to building elements;

(12) changes to building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information;

(13) association of approvals with building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information; and

(14) as-built record of the building.

This document describes the COLLADA schema. COLLADA is a Collaborative Design Activity that defines an XML-based schema to enable 3D authoring applications to freely exchange digital assets without loss of information, enabling multiple software packages to be combined into extremely powerful tool chains. The purpose of this document is to provide a specification for the COLLADA schema in sufficient detail to enable software developers to create tools to process COLLADA resources. In particular, it is relevant to those who import to or export from digital content creation (DCC) applications, 3D interactive applications and tool chains, prototyping tools, real-time visualization applications such as those used in the video game and movie industries, and CAD tools. This document covers the initial design and specifications of the COLLADA schema, as well as a minimal set of requirements for COLLADA exporters. This document covers the following information:

(a) initial design and specifications of the COLLADA schema;

(b) requirements of COLLADA tools and a minimal set of requirements for COLLADA exporters;

(c) detailed explanations for COLLADA programming;

(d) core elements that describe geometry, animation, skinning, assets, and scenes;

(e) physics model, visual effects (FX), boundary representation (B-rep) of animation, kinematics.

The document does not specify the implementation of, or definition of a run-time architecture for viewing or processing of COLLADA data.

ISO 16757-2:2016 describes the modelling of building services product geometry. The description is optimized for the interchange of product catalogue data and includes

(a) shapes for representing the product itself,

(b) symbolic shapes for the visualization of the product's function in schematic diagrams,

(c) spaces for functional requirements,

(d) surfaces for visualization, and

(e) ports to represent connectivity between different objects.

The shape and space geometry is expressed as Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) based on geometric primitives concatenated to boundary representations by Boolean operations. ISO 16757-2:2016 uses the applicable primitives from ISO 10303‑42 and from ISO 16739 and adds primitives which are required for the special geometry of building services products. For symbolic shapes, line elements are also used. ISO 16757-2:2016 neither describes the inner structure and internal functionality of the product nor the manufacturing information because this is typically not published within a product catalogue. Building services products can have millions of variant dimensions. To avoid the exchange of millions of geometries, a parametric model is introduced which allows the derivation of variant-specific geometries from the generic model. This is necessary to reduce the data to be exchanged in a catalogue to a manageable size. The parametric model will result in smaller data files, which can be easier transmitted during data exchanges. The geometry model used does not contain any drawing information such as views, line styles or hatching.

ISO 16760:2014 specifies requirements for an RGB workflow for graphic arts printing based on the use of reflection prints (RGB Reference Prints) as the evaluation vehicle for coloured images. It provides guidelines on the creation of print-targeted RGB images (RGB Reference Images) and simulation prints. This International Standard requires the identification of a pair of ICC profiles for each image: an image profile and a profile describing the reference printing system. These profiles provide individual colour transformations for gamut mapping and colour separation. This International Standard does not provide any guidance as to how these gamut mapping or colour separation transforms can be specified.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO 12637-1:2006 defines a set of fundamental terms that can be used in the drafting of other International Standards for graphic technology. In order to facilitate their translation into other languages, the definitions are worded so as to avoid, where possible, any peculiarity attached to one language. The entries in ISO 12637-1:2006 are arranged alphabetically.

ISO 14306:2017 defines the syntax and semantics of a file format for the 3D visualization and interrogation of lightweight geometry and product manufacturing information derived from CAD systems, using visualization software tools that do not need the full capability of a CAD system. ISO 14306:2017 has been adopted as a 3D visualization capability in addition to the ISO 10303 series. The file format supports the following information:

(1) facet information (triangles), stored with geometry compression techniques

(2) visual attributes such as lights, textures and materials

(3) product manufacturing information, such as dimensions, tolerances and other attributes

(4) boundary representation (b-rep) solid model shape representations. Several alternatives are available, including a representation based on the geometry standard defined in ISO 10303

(5) configuration representations

(6) delivery methods such as asynchronous streaming of content

ISO 14306:2017 does not specify the implementation of, or definition of a run-time architecture for viewing or processing of the file format.

This document analyses visualization elements that are key components of the interface between the physical asset and the avatar (digital replica of the physical asset).

This document is the first of a family of standards. This document provides an overview of the ISO 8000 series. The following are within the scope of this document:

(1) stating the scope of the ISO 8000 series as a whole;

(2) establishing the principles of information and data quality;

(3) describing the path to data quality;

(4) describing the structure of the ISO 8000 series;

(5) providing a summary of the content of each part in the ISO 8000 series; and

(6) establishing the relationship of the ISO 8000 series to other international standards.

This deliverable specifies quality characteristics of data that is recorded by sensors as a stream of single, discrete digital values by sensors. The following are within the scope of this deliverable:

(1) application of quality characteristics of sensor data that is a stream of single, discrete digital values;

(2) types of anomalies in sensor data;

(3) quality characteristics of sensor data; and

(4) relationship with other ISO standards.

The following are outside the scope of this deliverable:

(1) analogue, image, video and sound data produced by sensors; and

(2) methods to measure data quality characteristics.

This deliverable specifies quality measures for quantitatively measuring quality characteristics of sensor data, where these characteristics are specified by ISO 8000-210. The following are within the scope of this deliverable:

(1) fundamental principles and assumptions for measuring the quality of sensor data; and

(2) quality measures for sensor data, with respect to applicable quality characteristics and corresponding data anomalies.

The following are outside the scope of this deliverable:

(3) specific values for each measure, where the value indicates a distinction between, for example, good quality and poor quality; and

(4) methods to improve the quality of sensor data.

ISO 10303-46 specifies the integrated resource constructs for Visual presentation. ISO 10303-46 specifies the integrated resources for the visualization of displayable product information. Presentation data as described in ISO 10303-46 are combined with product data and are exchanged together between systems with the aim that the receiving system can construct one or several pictures of the product information suitable for human perception. Product information can be visualized in two ways: either by realistic, life-like images according to the rules of projective geometry and light propagation and reflection, or by symbolic presentations that conform with draughting standards and conventions. ISO 10303-46 supports both types of presentations. The two types of visualization processes require different kinds of graphical transformations and these can be combined in the same picture. The actual generation of the picture from the product information and its presentation data is left to the receiving system. The rendered depiction can deviate from an ideal target because of limitations in the capabilities of graphics systems.

ISO 29481-2:2012 specifies a methodology and format for describing coordination between actors in a building construction project during all life cycle stages. It therefore specifies: a methodology that describes an interaction framework, an appropriate way to map responsibilities and interactions that provides a process context for information flow; a format in which the interaction framework should be specified. ISO 29481-2:2012 is intended to facilitate interoperability between software applications used in the construction process, to promote digital collaboration between actors in the building construction process, and to provide a basis for accurate, reliable, repeatable, and high-quality information exchange.