Standard

This document specifies an XML format for representing forms data and annotations in the Portable Document Format, ISO 32000-2 (PDF 2.0).

This part of ISO 29481 specifies:

- a methodology that links the business processes undertaken during the construction of built facilities with the specification of information that is required by these processes, and

- a way to map and describe the information processes across the life cycle of construction works.

This part of ISO 29481 is intended to facilitate interoperability between software applications used during all stages of the life cycle of construction works, including briefing, design, documentation, construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition. It promotes digital collaboration between actors in the construction process and provides a basis for accurate, reliable, repeatable and high-quality information exchange.

This document identifies technical requirements for information exchange between entities within the reference architecture. The requirements for information exchange in the following networks are within the scope of this document:

- user network that connects the user entity and the digital twin entity;

- service network that connects sub-entities within the digital twin entity;

- access network that connects the device communication entity to the digital twin entity and to the user entity; and

- proximity network that connects the device communication entity to the observable manufacturing elements.

This standard provides a general shared function model for cloud computing, in order to normalize how functions are shared between cloud service providers (CSPs) and cloud service customers (CSCs). The standard specifies functions ownership from seven aspects for three main cloud service delivery models, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). The seven aspects of function are as follows:

1) The physical infrastructure function.

2) The virtualization infrastructure function.

3) The operating system function.

4) The network control function.

5) The application function.

6) The data function.

7) The identity and access management function.

Each of the seven aspects considers many factors including security, management, etc. In this standard, levels 1 to 4, which are clearly the service provider's function for IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS, are briefly mentioned for the integrity of the model. This standard focuses on levels 5, 6, and 7.

A functional model for federation based on the NIST Cloud Federation Reference Architecture is defined in this standard. This model allows a range of deployment topologies and governance. As a general federation model, it can be applied to many application domains using different implementation approaches. As such, it includes cloud-to-cloud federation and interoperability.

ISO/IEC 14496-16:2011 specifies MPEG-4 Animation Framework eXtension (AFX) model for representing and encoding 3D graphics assets to be used standalone or integrated in interactive multimedia presentations (the latter when combined with other parts of MPEG-4). Within this model, MPEG-4 is extended with higher-level synthetic objects for geometry, texture, and animation as well as dedicated compressed representations.

Self-discipline and professional ethics of cryptocurrency exchange platforms, as well as relevance between them and to cryptocurrency wallets are covered in this standard. Exchange business logic, operational procedures, user authentication programs are also covered in this standard. In addition, a small but necessary technical category of requirements, including terminologies, basic architectural framework, key indicators, end-user interface specifications, in order to achieve the previously mentioned goals is covered in this standard.

This guide describes the processes used in the conversion of physical assets to NFTs, the lifecycle management process of NFT derivatives, and the interaction and display modes of NFTs in the real world. Specifically it includes the generation, issuance, exchange, rights confirmation, system interaction and display process of NFTs.

Blockchain-based digital assets exist in a specific system in the form of digitization. Considering the diversity of blockchain systems and applications, as well as the diversity of digital assets in these systems and applications, digital assets based on blockchain systems have typical characteristics such as intangibility, encryption verification mechanism, use of distributed ledgers, decentralization, consensus algorithms, etc. For better classification and management, this standard provides a unified classification method for blockchain digital assets for reference. This standard proposes the principles and methods for the classification of blockchain-based digital assets. This standard follows the principles of scientificity, systematicness and scalability, and proposes an attribute-based classification method for blockchain digital assets, whose classification attributes include technical attributes, economic attributes and legal attributes.

The technical architecture and details of three cross-chain approaches is described in this standard, including Centralized/Multi-signature Notary-based cross-chain technology, HTLC-based cross chain technology and Relay Chain-based cross-chain technology.

This standard defines a set of protocols that enable Blockchain networks to locate each other's trusted nodes through standardized names. The set of protocols define a naming scheme, an interface for name registration, and the data format that request and response messages use to resolve names.

This standard defines the types of occupations, competency requirements, and evaluation methods of blockchain and distributed ledger technology for service practitioners, including but not limited to competency elements, evaluated process, and employment grade. This standard applies to the ability evaluation and training of blockchain and distributed ledger technology service practitioners.