IT in general

ISO 14306:2017 defines the syntax and semantics of a file format for the 3D visualization and interrogation of lightweight geometry and product manufacturing information derived from CAD systems, using visualization software tools that do not need the full capability of a CAD system. ISO 14306:2017 has been adopted as a 3D visualization capability in addition to the ISO 10303 series. The file format supports the following information:

(1) facet information (triangles), stored with geometry compression techniques

(2) visual attributes such as lights, textures and materials

(3) product manufacturing information, such as dimensions, tolerances and other attributes

(4) boundary representation (b-rep) solid model shape representations. Several alternatives are available, including a representation based on the geometry standard defined in ISO 10303

(5) configuration representations

(6) delivery methods such as asynchronous streaming of content

ISO 14306:2017 does not specify the implementation of, or definition of a run-time architecture for viewing or processing of the file format.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO 12637-1:2006 defines a set of fundamental terms that can be used in the drafting of other International Standards for graphic technology. In order to facilitate their translation into other languages, the definitions are worded so as to avoid, where possible, any peculiarity attached to one language. The entries in ISO 12637-1:2006 are arranged alphabetically.

ISO 16760:2014 specifies requirements for an RGB workflow for graphic arts printing based on the use of reflection prints (RGB Reference Prints) as the evaluation vehicle for coloured images. It provides guidelines on the creation of print-targeted RGB images (RGB Reference Images) and simulation prints. This International Standard requires the identification of a pair of ICC profiles for each image: an image profile and a profile describing the reference printing system. These profiles provide individual colour transformations for gamut mapping and colour separation. This International Standard does not provide any guidance as to how these gamut mapping or colour separation transforms can be specified.

ISO 16757-2:2016 describes the modelling of building services product geometry. The description is optimized for the interchange of product catalogue data and includes

(a) shapes for representing the product itself,

(b) symbolic shapes for the visualization of the product's function in schematic diagrams,

(c) spaces for functional requirements,

(d) surfaces for visualization, and

(e) ports to represent connectivity between different objects.

The shape and space geometry is expressed as Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) based on geometric primitives concatenated to boundary representations by Boolean operations. ISO 16757-2:2016 uses the applicable primitives from ISO 10303‑42 and from ISO 16739 and adds primitives which are required for the special geometry of building services products. For symbolic shapes, line elements are also used. ISO 16757-2:2016 neither describes the inner structure and internal functionality of the product nor the manufacturing information because this is typically not published within a product catalogue. Building services products can have millions of variant dimensions. To avoid the exchange of millions of geometries, a parametric model is introduced which allows the derivation of variant-specific geometries from the generic model. This is necessary to reduce the data to be exchanged in a catalogue to a manageable size. The parametric model will result in smaller data files, which can be easier transmitted during data exchanges. The geometry model used does not contain any drawing information such as views, line styles or hatching.

This document describes the COLLADA schema. COLLADA is a Collaborative Design Activity that defines an XML-based schema to enable 3D authoring applications to freely exchange digital assets without loss of information, enabling multiple software packages to be combined into extremely powerful tool chains. The purpose of this document is to provide a specification for the COLLADA schema in sufficient detail to enable software developers to create tools to process COLLADA resources. In particular, it is relevant to those who import to or export from digital content creation (DCC) applications, 3D interactive applications and tool chains, prototyping tools, real-time visualization applications such as those used in the video game and movie industries, and CAD tools. This document covers the initial design and specifications of the COLLADA schema, as well as a minimal set of requirements for COLLADA exporters. This document covers the following information:

(a) initial design and specifications of the COLLADA schema;

(b) requirements of COLLADA tools and a minimal set of requirements for COLLADA exporters;

(c) detailed explanations for COLLADA programming;

(d) core elements that describe geometry, animation, skinning, assets, and scenes;

(e) physics model, visual effects (FX), boundary representation (B-rep) of animation, kinematics.

The document does not specify the implementation of, or definition of a run-time architecture for viewing or processing of COLLADA data.

This part of ISO 10303 specifies the use of the integrated resources necessary for the scope and information requirements for the exchange of building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information between application systems with explicit shape representations. Building elements are those physical things of which a building is composed, such as structural elements, enclosing and separating elements, service elements, fixtures and equipment, and spaces. Building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information requirements can be used at all stages of the life cycle of a building, including the design process, construction, and maintenance. Building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information requirements specified in this part of ISO 10303 support the following activities:

(a) concurrent design processes or building design iterations;

(b) integration of building structure designs with building systems designs to enable design analysis;

(c) building design visualization;

(d) specifications for construction and maintenance;

(e) analysis and review.

The following are within the scope of this part of ISO 10303:

(1) explicit representation of the three-dimensional shape of building elements using boundary representation (B-rep) solid models, swept solid models, or constructive solid geometry (CSG) models.

(2) the spatial configuration of building elements that comprise the assembled building;

(3) building structures that represent physically distinct buildings that are part of a single building complex;

(4) non-structural elements that enclose a building or separate areas within a building;

(5) the shape and arrangement of equipment and service elements that provide services to a building;

(6) the shape and arrangement of fixtures in a building;

(7) specification of spaces and levels;

(8) the shape of the site on which the building will be erected;

(9) specification of properties of building elements, including material composition;

(10) specification of classification information;

(11) association of properties and classification information to building elements;

(12) changes to building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information;

(13) association of approvals with building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information; and

(14) as-built record of the building.

ISO 10303-46 specifies the integrated resource constructs for Visual presentation. ISO 10303-46 specifies the integrated resources for the visualization of displayable product information. Presentation data as described in ISO 10303-46 are combined with product data and are exchanged together between systems with the aim that the receiving system can construct one or several pictures of the product information suitable for human perception. Product information can be visualized in two ways: either by realistic, life-like images according to the rules of projective geometry and light propagation and reflection, or by symbolic presentations that conform with draughting standards and conventions. ISO 10303-46 supports both types of presentations. The two types of visualization processes require different kinds of graphical transformations and these can be combined in the same picture. The actual generation of the picture from the product information and its presentation data is left to the receiving system. The rendered depiction can deviate from an ideal target because of limitations in the capabilities of graphics systems.

A set of processes by which organizations seek to make their services age appropriate is established in this standard. The growing desire of organizations to design digital products and services with children in mind and reflects their existing rights under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (the Convention) is supported by this standard. While different jurisdictions may have different laws and regulations in place, the best practice for designing digital services that impact directly or indirectly on children is offered by this standard. It sets out processes through the life cycle of development, delivery and distribution, that will help organizations ask the right relevant questions of their services, identify risks and opportunities by which to make their services age appropriate and take steps to mitigate risk and embed beneficial systems that support increased age appropriate engagement. One in three users online is under 18, which means that this standard has wide application.

A set of processes by which organizations can include consideration of ethical values throughout the stages of concept exploration and development is established by this standard. Management and engineering in transparent communication with selected stakeholders for ethical values elicitation and prioritization is supported by this standard, involving traceability of ethical values through an operational concept, value propositions, and value dispositions in the system design. Processes that provide for traceability of ethical values in the concept of operations, ethical requirements, and ethical risk-based design are described in the standard. All sizes and types of organizations using their own life cycle models are relevant to this standard.

The impact of artificial intelligence or autonomous and intelligent systems (A/IS) on humans is measured by this standard. The positive outcome of A/IS on human well-being is the overall intent of this standard. Scientifically valid well-being indices currently in use and based on a stakeholder engagement process ground this standard. Product development guidance, identification of areas for improvement, risk management, performance assessment, and the identification of intended and unintended users, uses and impacts on human well-being of A/IS are the intents of this standard.

Guidance to developers of IEEE 1232 - conformant applications is provided in this guide. A simple doorbell is used as an example system under test to illustrate how the static model constructs of Artificial Intelligence Exchange and Service Tie to All Test Environments (AI-ESTATE) are used to form a diagnostic reasoner knowledge base. Each of AI-ESTATE's knowledge base types is discussed in conceptual terms, and how those concepts are represented in exchange files is shown. Also, some of the nuanced aspects of diagnostic knowledge bases in AI-ESTATE are clarified. An example reasoner session is provided to illustrate the use of AI-ESTATE services.

ISO/IEC 18305:2016 identifies appropriate performance metrics and test & evaluation scenarios for localization and tracking systems, and it provides guidance on how best to present and visualize the T&E results. It focuses primarily on indoor environments.