This document is the first of a family of standards. It specifies a set of functions for computer graphics programming, the graphical kernel system. Provides functions for two dimensional graphical output, the storage and dynamic modification of pictures, and operator input. Applicable to a wide range of applications that produce two dimensional pictures on vector or raster graphical devices in monochrome or colour.
This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO/IEC 8632 provides a file format suitable for the storage and retrieval of picture description information. The file format consists of an ordered set of elements that may be used to describe pictures in a way that is compatible between systems of different architectures, compatible with devices of differing capabilities and design, and meaningful to application constituencies. This picture description includes the capability for describing static images. The elements specified provide for the representation of a wide range of pictures on a wide range of graphical devices. The elements are organized into groups that delimit major structures (metafiles, pictures, and application structures), that specify the representations used within the metafile, that control the display of the picture, that perform basic drawing actions, that control the attributes of the basic drawing actions, that allow application-specific structuring to be overlaid on the graphical content, and that provide access to non-standard device capabilities. The metafile is defined in such a way that, in addition to sequential access to the whole metafile, random access to individual pictures and individual context-independent application structures is well-defined. Applications which require random access to pictures and/or context-independent application structures within pictures may, within the metafile, define directories to these pictures and/or context-independent application structures. The metafile may then be opened and randomly accessed without interpreting the entire metafile. In addition to a functional specification, two standard encodings of the metafile syntax are specified. These encodings address the needs of applications that require small metafile size plus minimum effort to generate and interpret, and maximum flexibility for a human reader or editor of the metafile. This part of ISO/IEC 8632 describes the format using an abstract syntax. The remaining parts of ISO 8632 specify standardized encodings that conform to this syntax: ISO/IEC 8632-3 specifies a binary encoding; ISO/IEC 8632-4 specifies a clear text encoding.
This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO/IEC 9636 establishes the conceptual model, functional capability, and minimum conformance requirements of the Computer Graphics Interface (CGI). It specifies design requirements for encodings of the CGI. ISO/IEC 9636 defines a set of CGI functions that is expected to satisfy the following needs of a majority of the computer graphics community:
(a) provide an interface standard for computer graphics software package implementors;
(b) provide an interface standard for computer graphics device manufacturers and suppliers;
(c) provide an inquiry and response mechanism for graphics device capabilities, characteristics, and states;
(d) provide a standard graphics escape mechanism to access non-standard graphics device capabilities; and
(e) allow for future functional extension of the CGI.
In addition to the CGI functionality, device classes, and Foundation and Constituency Profiles are defined. The device classes included in the CGI are output (OUTPUT), input (INPUT), and output/input (OUTIN). Profiles allow subsets of the CGI functions and features to be defined to suit particular well-identified groups of users. There is also provision for Constituency Profiles to be registered after ISO/IEC 9636 is published. The Computer Graphics Interface (CGI) is a standard functional and syntactical specification of the control and data exchange between device-independent graphics software and an implementation of a CGI Virtual Device. The syntax of the CGI, presented in ISO/IEC 9636, is an encoding-independent and binding-independent specification. Any similarity of the examples or function specifications to a particular encoding technique or language is coincidental unless explicitly stated otherwise. The functions specified provide for the representation of a wide range of two-dimensional pictures and for control over their display on a wide range of graphics devices. The functions are split into groups that perform device and CGI session control, specify the data representations used, control the display of the picture, perform basic drawing actions, control the attributes of the basic drawing actions, acquire data from input devices, and provide access to non-standard device capabilities. This part of ISO/IEC 9636 gives an overview of ISO/IEC 9636, explains the relationship between its parts and their relation to other standards, describes a reference model for graphics systems, and defines certain Foundation and Constituency Profiles. ISO/IEC 9636-2, ISO/IEC 9636-3, ISO/IEC 9636-4, ISO/IEC 9636-5, and ISO/IEC 9636-6 specify the CGI functions for different functional areas using an abstract notation. ISO/IEC 9637 and ISO/IEC 9638 define standard data stream encodings, procedural library bindings, and single entry point procedural bindings of the CGI.
ISO/IEC 9973:2013 specifies procedures to be followed in preparing, maintaining and publishing the International Register of Items for any standard whose classes of items are applicable to this register. The items that may be registered fall into several broad categories including:
This document specifies guidelines for the representation and visualization of smart cities. This document:
(a) describes the concepts of a smart city, smart city object and smart city data,
(b) describes categories of data associated with smart cities,provides guidance for representation of smart cities,
(c) describes guidance for visualization of smart cities,
(d) provides guidance in selecting the appropriate representation and visualization technique for different categories of smart city data using standards, and
(e) provides use cases for applying standards to the representation and visualization of smart cities.
This deliverable specifies quality measures for quantitatively measuring quality characteristics of sensor data, where these characteristics are specified by ISO 8000-210. The following are within the scope of this deliverable:
(1) fundamental principles and assumptions for measuring the quality of sensor data; and
(2) quality measures for sensor data, with respect to applicable quality characteristics and corresponding data anomalies.
The following are outside the scope of this deliverable:
(3) specific values for each measure, where the value indicates a distinction between, for example, good quality and poor quality; and
(4) methods to improve the quality of sensor data.
A framework of knowledge graphs is proposed in this standard. The knowledge graph conceptual model, construction and integration process of knowledge graphs, main activities in the processes, and stakeholders of knowledge graphs are described in detail. This standard can be applied in various organizations that plan, design, develop, implement, and apply knowledge and in organizations that develop support technologies, tools, and services to knowledge graphs.
Artificial intelligence (AI) computing differs from generic computing in terms of device formation, operators, and usage. AI server systems, including AI server, cluster, and high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructures are designed specifically for this purpose. The performance of these infrastructures is important to users not only on generic models but also on the ones for specific domains. Formal methods for the performance benchmarking for AI server systems are provided in this standard, including approaches for test, metrics, and measure. In addition, the technical requirements for benchmarking tools are discussed.
This recommended practice provides recommendations for next steps in the application of IEEE Std 7010, applied to meeting Environmental Social Governance (ESG) and Social Development Goal (SDG) initiatives and targets. It provides action steps and map elements to review and address when applying IEEE Std 7010. This recommended practice serves to enhance the quality of the published standard by validating the design outcomes with expanded use. It provides recommendations for multiple users to align processes, collect data, develop policies and practices and measure activities against the impact on corporate goals and resulting stakeholders. This recommended practice does not set metrics for measurement and/or reporting, but rather identifies well recognized indicators to consider in assessment and measurement of progress.
This document presents considerations for using VR content in the learning, education and training (LET) domain for reducing reality and virtual reality crossover confusion among users and assisting users to effectively use these emerging technologies. This document addresses VR content that uses a head-mounted display (HMD) in the LET domain. It does not address VR content using immersive technology and does not address augmented reality, mixed or merged reality content.
ISO 29481-2:2012 specifies a methodology and format for describing coordination between actors in a building construction project during all life cycle stages. It therefore specifies: a methodology that describes an interaction framework, an appropriate way to map responsibilities and interactions that provides a process context for information flow; a format in which the interaction framework should be specified. ISO 29481-2:2012 is intended to facilitate interoperability between software applications used in the construction process, to promote digital collaboration between actors in the building construction process, and to provide a basis for accurate, reliable, repeatable, and high-quality information exchange.
