This document specifies a general Digital Twin Reference Architecture in terms of defining system characteristics, a Reference Model and architecture views for Digital Twins.
This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO/TS 19163-1:2016 classifies imagery and regularly spaced gridded thematic data into types based on attribute property, sensor type and spatial property, and defines an encoding-neutral content model for the required components for each type of data. It also specifies logical data structures and the rules for encoding the content components in the structures. The binding between the content and a specific encoding format will be defined in the subsequent parts of ISO 19163. ISO/TS 19163-1:2016 does not address LiDAR, SONAR data and ungeoreferenced gridded data. The logical data structures and the rules for encoding the content components will be addressed in the subsequent parts of ISO 19163.
This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO/TS 19159-1:2014 defines the calibration and validation of airborne and spaceborne remote sensing imagery sensors. The term _calibration_ refers to geometry, radiometry, and spectral, and includes the instrument calibration in a laboratory as well as in situ calibration methods. The validation methods address validation of the calibration information.
ISO/TS 19158:2012 provides a framework for quality assurance specific to geographic information. It is based upon the quality principles and quality evaluation procedures of geographic information identified in ISO 19157 and the general quality management principles defined in ISO 9000. The framework defined in ISO/TS 19158:2012 enables a customer to satisfy itself that its suppliers, both internal and external, are capable of delivering geographic information to the required quality. Fundamental to the framework is the assurance of the supplier's ability to understand and meet the quality requirements. Through the quality assurance framework both the customer and the supplier are able to consider the quality required at the earliest opportunity in the production/update process. Principles and responsibilities of the relationship between the customer and the supplier that facilitate the framework are provided. The responsibility for the quality assessment procedure is shared between the customer and the supplier. ISO/TS 19158:2012 is applicable to customers and suppliers of all geographic information where the quality of the product may be impacted upon by the supplier's processes in any of the following scenarios:
1) there is an agreement or legislation for the supply of data acquisition services,
2) data acquisition services are being tendered for, and
3) one or more suppliers exist in the supply chain.
ISO/TS 19158:2012 is not applicable for the supply of legacy datasets or ?off the shelf' products where there is no further data production or update activity to manage.
This document is the first of a family of standards. This document supports the definition of:
(1) Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) core comprising: an RS using zonal identifiers with structured geometry, and functions providing import, export and topological query,
(2) Common spatio-temporal classes for geometry, topology, RS using zonal identifiers, zonal identifiers and zones, based on ISO 19111 CRS. The spatio-temporal scope is constrained to: spatial elements that are invariant through all time, and temporal elements that are invariant across all space.
(3) Equal-Area Earth Reference Systems (EAERSs) for Equal-Area Earth DGGS.
This document specifies the representation of latitude and longitude and optionally height or depth compatible with previous editions of ISO 6709. This document also supports the representations of other coordinate types and time that can be associated with those coordinates as defined through one or more coordinate reference systems (CRS). This document describes a text string of coordinates, suitable for electronic data exchange, for one point, including reference system identification to ensure that the coordinates unambiguously represent the position of that point. Files containing multiple points with a single common reference system identification are out of scope. This document also describes a simpler text string structure for coordinate representation of a point location that is more suitable for human readability.
This Technical Report reviews the manner in which raster and gridded data is currently being handled in the Geomatics community in order to propose how this type of data should be supported by geographic information standards. This Technical Report identifies those aspects of imagery and gridded data that have been standardized or are being standardized in other ISO committees and external standards organizations, and that influence or support the establishment of raster and gridded data standards for geographic information. It also describes the components of those identified ISO and external imagery and gridded data standards that can be harmonized with the ISO 19100 series of geographic information/geomatics standards. A plan is presented for ISO/TC 211 to address imagery and gridded data in an integrated manner, within the ISO 19100 series of geographic information standards.
This document facilitates an understanding of the Ubiquitous Public Access (UPA) context information model, as defined in ISO 19154, to establish a UPA-to-Geographic Information (GI) environment. In addition, this document illustrates how the UPA context information model is designed and implemented to provide an air quality information service from a geographic information system (GIS)-based air quality information system. The UPA context information model for air quality information is only a sample of all possible examples to realize the UPA-to-GI that could satisfy the requirements of ISO 19154.
This document maps and describes the differences between GDF (ISO 20524 series), from ISO/TC 204, and conceptual models from the ISO 19100 family, from ISO/TC 211, and suggests ways to harmonize and resolve issues of conflict. Throughout this document, reference to GDF refers to GDF v5.1, ISO 20524-1 and ISO 20524-2, unless expressly identified otherwise. Where necessary, reference will be made to Part 1 or Part 2.
ISO/TS 19129:2009 defines the framework for imagery, gridded and coverage data. This framework defines a content model for the content type imagery and for other specific content types that can be represented as coverage data. These content models are represented as a set of generic UML patterns for application schemas.
This document is the first of a family of standards. This document defines XML based encoding rules for conceptual schemas specifying types that describe geographic resources. The encoding rules support the UML profile as used in the UML models commonly used in the standards developed by ISO/TC 211. The encoding rules use XML schema for the output data structure schema. The encoding rules described in this document are not applicable for encoding UML application schema for geographic features (see ISO 19136 for those rules).
