IT in general

The Industry Foundation Classes, IFC, are an open international standard for Building Information Model (BIM) data that are exchanged and shared among software applications used by the various participants in the construction or facility management industry sector. The standard includes definitions that cover data required for buildings over their life cycle. This release, and upcoming releases, extend the scope to include data definitions for infrastructure assets over their life cycle as well.

The Industry Foundation Classes specify a data schema and an exchange file format structure. The data schema is defined in: EXPRESS data specification language, defined in ISO 10303-11; XML Schema definition language (XSD), defined in XML Schema W3C Recommendation.

Whereas the EXPRESS schema definition is the source and the XML schema definition is generated from the EXPRESS schema according to the mapping rules defined in ISO 10303-28. The exchange file formats for exchanging and sharing data according to the conceptual schema are: clear text encoding of the exchange structure, defined in ISO 10303-21; extensible Markup Language (XML), defined in XML W3C Recommendation.

Alternative exchange file formats may be used if they conform to the data schemas.

ISO 16739-1:2017 of IFC consists of the data schemas, represented as an EXPRESS schema and an XML schema, and reference data, represented as definitions of property and quantity names, and formal and informative descriptions.

A subset of the data schema and referenced data is referred to as a Model View Definition (MVD). A particular MVD is defined to support one or many recognized workflows in the construction and facility management industry sector. Each workflow identifies data exchange requirements for software applications. Conforming software applications need to identity the model view definition they conform to.

ISO 29481-2:2012 specifies a methodology and format for describing coordination acts' between actors in a building construction project during all life cycle stages. It therefore specifies a methodology that describes an interaction framework, an appropriate way to map responsibilities and interactions that provides a process context for information flow, a format in which the interaction framework should be specified. ISO 29481-2:2012 is intended to facilitate interoperability between software applications used in the construction process, to promote digital collaboration between actors in the building construction process, and to provide a basis for accurate, reliable, repeatable, and high-quality information exchange.

This document specifies a generic knowledge management framework for a smart city, focusing on creating, capturing, sharing, using and managing smart city knowledge. It also gives the key practices which are required to be implemented to safeguard the use of knowledge, such as interoperability of heterogeneous data and governance of multi-sources services within a smart city.

This document describes a framework, structured in layers of ICT technologies, essential for smart cities' operation. This framework also provides the mapping of the ICT techniques to various system entities in order to support the smart city's business, knowledge management, and operational systems from the engineering perspective.

This Recommendation defines a framework of open data in smart cities, in order to promote the sharing of data between different entities in a smart city, fully exploit potentialities of data in smart cities, and ultimately build better and smarter cities. The scope of this Recommendation includes:
– The concept of open data in smart cities;
– The benefits of open data in smart cities;
– The key phases of open data in smart cities;
– The key roles and activities in open data in smart cities;
– The framework of open data in smart cities;
– The general requirements of open data in smart cities.

Recommendation ITU-T Y.4200 defines the requirements for the interoperability of a smart city platform (SCP) and its reference points in order to ensure the correct functioning of city services.
The SCP offers services to a smart city. Interoperability between SCPs allows the increase in the number of services provided and their quality. It enables the provision of better services to citizens, and at the same time ensures maximum efficiency, scalability and simple integration.
By permitting interoperability with other platforms the SCP will also encourage local economic development through innovation and competition.

Recommendation ITU-T Y.4209 addresses the interoperation of the smart port with the smart city, identifying the requirements for the smart port platform to be able to interoperate with smart city platforms and other smart elements in the environment where the port is located, in order to provide enhanced services.Nautical services and other services management provided by the smart port are out of the scope of this Recommendation.Security aspects required by customs and immigration authorities are out of scope of this Recommendation.Interoperation with other ports is out of scope of this Recommendation given the focus of this Recommendation is on interoperation between the smart port and the smart city.Clause 6 provides an overview of the smart port in terms of interoperation with the components of the smart port ecosystem.Clause 7 describes high-level requirements for the smart port platform to enable interoperation with smart city platforms and/or other smart elements.Clause 8 describes the requirements of interoperation between the smart port platform and smart city platforms and/or other smart elements.Clause 9 describes the smart services provided by the smart port platform interoperating with smart city platforms and/or other smart elements.

Recommendation ITU-T Y.4470 establishes artificial intelligence service exposure (AISE) for smart sustainable cities (SSCs), and provides the common characteristics and high-level requirements, reference architecture and relevant common capabilities of AISE. AISE is one of the basic supporting functional entities for SSCs, with which SSC services can use uniform reference points (exposed by AISE) to integrate and access the artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities of AI services (e.g., machine learning services for image recognition, natural language processing services and traffic prediction services). In addition, AISE can collect and open SSC data, and it supports AI services to train and supply AI capabilities in AISE in SSCs.

ISO/IEC 30182:2017 describes, and gives guidance on, a smart city concept model (SCCM) that can provide the basis of interoperability between component systems of a smart city, by aligning the ontologies in use across different sectors. It includes: (a) concepts (e.g. ORGANIZATION, PLACE, COMMUNITY, ITEM, METRIC, SERVICE, RESOURCE); and (b)
relationships between concepts (e.g. ORGANIZATION has RESOURCEs, EVENT at a PLACE)
The SCCM does not replace existing models where they exist, but, by mapping from a local model to a parent model, questions can be asked about data in a new and joined-up way.
ISO/IEC 30182:2017 is aimed at organizations that provide services to communities in cities, and manage the resulting data, as well as decision-makers and policy developers in cities.
The SCCM is relevant wherever many organizations provide services to many communities within a place.It does not cover the data standards that are relevant to each concept in the SCCM and does not attempt to list or recommend the sources of identifiers and categorizations that cities map to the SCCM. The SCCM has been devised to communicate the meaning of data. It does not attempt to provide concepts to describe the metadata of a dataset, for example, validity and provenance of data. It covers semantic interoperability, that is, defining the meaning of data, particularly from many sources. It does not cover other barriers to interoperability.

This document defines and establishes methodologies for a set of indicators to steer and measure the performance of city services and quality of life. It follows the principles set out in ISO 37101 and can be used in conjunction with ISO 37101 and other strategic frameworks. This document is applicable to any city, municipality or local government that undertakes to measure its performance in a comparable and verifiable manner, irrespective of size and location.

This document establishes general principles and gives guidelines for an indicator upper level ontology (IULO) for smart cities that enables the representation of indicator definitions and the data used to derive them. It includes:

— concepts (e.g., indicator, population, cardinality); and

— properties that relate concepts (e.g., cardinality_of, parameter_of_var).

This document defines and establishes methodologies for a set of indicators to steer and measure the performance of city services and quality of life. It follows the principles set out in ISO 37101 and can be used in conjunction with ISO 37101 and other strategic frameworks.

This document is applicable to any city, municipality or local government that undertakes to measure its performance in a comparable and verifiable manner, irrespective of size and location.