Networking

The objectives of 3GPP SA2 Study item on architecture enhancements for 3GPP support of advanced V2X services - Phase 2 (FS_eV2XARC_Ph2; UID: 850013) are:

• Further investigating 5G System enhancements for 3GPP support of advanced V2X services, based on what has been specified Rel-16, based on vehicular services requirements defined in SA WG1 V2X (TS 22.185) and eV2X (TS 22.186).
• Investigating potential 5GS enhancements in to support the followings: Enhanced support of V2X operation for pedestrian UEs (i.e. UEs for Vulnerable Road Users), e.g. V2X communication with power efficiency. The impact on RAN is to be analysed by and coordinated with the relevant RAN WGs.

Multicast over 5G (and over NR in particular) offer the opportunity to address limitations of the current Mission Critical systems that use eMBMS over LTE and provide some significant optimisation of the Mission Critical systems, in terms of functionality, availability and performance.

The overall obectives of Mission Critical services over 5G multicast-broadcast system (FS-MC5MBS; UID: 850035) include:

• Study/propose new/enhanced capabilities in the mission critical services that would leverage multicast delivery.
• Identify the impacts of existing and potentially new Mission Critical Services on the 5G architecture, functionality and interfaces as related to 5G multicast-broadcast with the goal of prioritising MC requirements to RAN and SA2 for defining and/or enabling the services and interfaces provided by 5G for Mission Critical services.

FS-MC5MBS is a work item for 3GPP Release 17 under SA6 (mission-critical applications):

• Rapporteur: AT&T
• Supporting Individual Members: Ericsson, FirstNet, Motorola Solutions, One2Many, Police of the Netherlands, Sepura, UK Home Office.

Specifications resulting from this work item:

TR 23.774 Study on enhanced Mission Critical (MC) services over 5G multicast-broadcast system

The mission of the Education and Outreach Working Group is to develop strategies and resources to promote awareness, understanding, implementation, and conformance testing for W3C accessibility standards; and to support the accessibility work of other W3C Groups.
 
In accordance with the WHATWG-W3C Memorandum of Understanding, this group is chartered to assist the W3C community in raising issues and proposing solutions in the WHATWG HTML and DOM workstreams, and to bring WHATWG HTML and DOM Review Drafts to Recommendation.
 
The community (including users, implementers, and developers) and horizontal review groups are encouraged to contribute directly to the WHATWG HTML and DOM repositories; raising issues, proposing solutions, commenting on proposed solutions, and indicating support or otherwise for proposals. In the event that a person raising an issue feels that the issue has not been fairly resolved by WHATWG, the HTML Working Group may help to explain the resolution and attempts to work with the person and the WHATWG editors to achieve consensus, as detailed in the Group work mode.

The mission of the Service Workers Working Group is to enable Web applications to take advantage of persistent background processing, including hooks to enable bootstrapping of web applications while offline.
 
Web Applications traditionally assume that the network is reachable, which is not always the case. The Working Group will specify event-driven services between the network layer and the application, allowing it to handle network requests gracefully even while offline.

The mission of the Timed Text Working Group is to develop W3C Recommendations for media online captioning by developing and maintaining new versions of the Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) and WebVTT (Web Video Text Tracks) based on implementation experience and interoperability feedback, and the creation of semantic mappings between those languages.
 
This group is chartered to develop formats used for the representation of text synchronized with other timed media, like audio and video. Such formats MUST be useable for online media captioning, should be useable for described video (aka video/audio description) and should address the Media Accessibility User Requirements. Such formats MAY also be useable for broadcast production and exchange and MUST be useable in the context of HTML.
 
The Group SHOULD:

1. Publish a Recommendation for a new Timed Text Markup Language 2 (TTML2) specification. In the process of producing this new revision, the Group SHOULD:
   1. Address any issues found during the development of a Simple Delivery Profile for Closed Captions.
   2. Consider for adoption features from existing formats, such as CEA608 or CEA708, or developed by groups such as SMPTE, DECE and EBU.
   3. Consider backward compatibility with TTML1 such as:
      - A conforming TTML1 content document instance is a conforming TTML2 content document instance.
      - A conforming TTML2 processor processes a conforming TTML1 content document instance such that the output produced by the TTML2 processor is within the variations allowed per TTML1; however, it may emit warnings if it encounters deprecated features.
   4. Facilitate mapping to HTML5/CSS3.
   5. Should address the Media Accessibility User Requirements.
2. Publish Recommendations of new versions of TTML Profiles for Internet Media Subtitles and Captions 1.0.1 (IMSC1.0.1) and TTML Profiles for Internet Media Subtitles and Captions 1.1 (IMSC1.1) specifications subtitle and caption delivery applications worldwide, including dialog language translation, content description, captions for the deaf and hard of hearing, based on TTML Profiles for Internet Media Subtitles and Captions 1.0 (IMSC1), W3C Recommendation 21 April 2016.
3. Publish a Recommendation for the WebVTT language, in particular the parts that cover the syntax, semantics, and rendering of subtitles, delivery of metadata, captions, chapter markers, and textual audio descriptions for speech synthesis. The Group is expected to have a maintenance process that produces new versions of WebVTT annually, potentially adding new features to the specification. In the process of producing the specification, the Group SHOULD:
   1. Address any issues found in WebVTT: The Web Video Text Tracks Format produced by the Web Media Text Tracks Community Group. Some may be deferred to future versions.
   2. Address the Media Accessibility User Requirements.
4. Maintain TTML1 and IMSC1 Recommendations as needed.
5. Produce other technical reports (Notes) on aspects of TTML processing as appropriate.
6. Liaise with other organisations including but not limited to those listed in § 3.2.
7. Investigate caption format requirements for 360 Degree, AR and VR video content.

AFI WG is the leading Standardization Group on Autonomic Management & Control (AMC) of Networks and Services, including Autonomic Networking, Cognitive Networking and Self-Management. Its mandate is to carry out the various Tasks and Activities described below:

• Develop use cases and requirements for automated & autonomic (self-) management of networks and services;
• Develop test frameworks and test specifications for autonomic network architectures (Self-Adaptive Networks);
• Draft test specifications for Scenarios, Use Cases and Requirements for automated & autonomic (self-) management of networks and services;
• Drive a 5G PoC Program/Project on GANA Autonomics in 5G Network Slices Creation, Autonomic & Cognitive Management & E2E Orchestration; with Closed-Loop (Autonomic) Service Assurance of IoT 5G Slices;

Maintenance and evolution of existing ETSI standards on network and service management, including NGN management (ETSI 188 series: https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/188000_188099/ ); and Maintenance of existing ETSI Standards linked to AFI activities: 

• ETSI TS 103 194 on Scenarios, Use Cases and Requirements for Autonomic/Self-Managing Future Internet;
• ETSI TS 103 195-1,
• ETSI TS 103 195-2,
• ETSI TS 103 195-3

GANA Model and its instantiations onto various types of network architectures and their associated management and control architectures:

• ETSI TR 103 473 on GANA autonomics in BBF Architectures;
• ETSI TR 103 404 on GANA autonomics in 3GPP Backhaul & Core Network Architectures;
• ETSI TR 103 495 on GANA autonomics in Wireless Ad-hoc/Mesh Network Architectures;

ETSI White Paper no. 16: The Generic Autonomic Networking Architecture Reference Model for Autonomic Networking, Cognitive Networking and Self-Management of Networks and Services: http://www.etsi.org/images/files/ETSIWhitePapers/etsi_wp16_gana_Ed1_20161011.pdf

The scope of the work is to provide a mapping of architectural components for autonomic network management & control developed/implemented in the EC-funded WISHFUL Project to the ETSI NTECH AFI Generic Autonomic Networking Architecture (GANA) model—an architectural reference model for autonomic networking, cognitive networking and self-management. The mapping pertains to architectural components for autonomic decision-making and associated control-loops in wireless network architectures and their associated management and control architectures. The objective/goal is to illustrate how the GANA can be implemented using the components developed in the EC-funded WISHFUL and ORCA Projects and to show the extent to which the WISHFUL architecture augmented with some virtualisation and hardware acceleration techniques developed in the ORCA project implements the GANA model, in order to guide the industry (implementers of autonomics components for autonomic networks and their associated autonomic management & control architectures) on how to leverage this work in their efforts on GANA implementations. The mapping of the components to the GANA model concepts serves to illustrate how to implement the key abstraction levels for autonomics (self-management functionality) in the GANA model for the targeted wireless networks context, taking into consideration the work done in ETSI TR 103 495. The other objective is to also illustrate the value of joint autonomic management and control of heterogeneous wireless access technologies in such a GANA implementation context, with illustration on where Cognitive algorithms for autonomics (such as Machine Learning and other AI algorithms) can be applied in joint autonomic management & control of heterogeneous wireless access networks. The document answers the question of how to implement the ETSI GANA model using WISHFUL architecture and ORCA concepts.

High-level framework of architecture principles and requirements that provide guidance and direction for NGMN partners and standards development organisations in the shaping of the 5G suite of interoperable capabilities, enablers, and services. It builds on the architectural concepts and proposals implied by the NGMN White Paper and subsequent deliverables published by NGMN.

In this NGMN White paper, section 6.4 on “Autonomic Networking” relies on ETSI GANA Framework (ETSI TS 103 195-2) to capture requirements for Autonomic Management & Control (AMC) of the Network and Services.

This Technical White Paper No.6 is about Demo-4 (of a series of Demos planned for 2018/2019 and beyond) of the ETSI PoC (Proof-Of-Concept) on 5G Network Slices Creation, Autonomic & Cognitive Management and E2E Orchestration; with Closed-Loop (Autonomic) Service Assurance for Network Slices; using the Smart Insurance IoT Use Case.

The Technical White Paper covers the following key topics in the target of operationalizing the ETSI GANA Model Standard (ETSI TS 103 195-2) in the context of 5G Networks and reveals Gaps in Standards that should be addressed by the industry while implementing GANA autonomics (control-loops) in network architectures and associated management and control architectures. The following aspects are covered in the results of the PoC:

• ETSI GANA Model Cognitive Decision Elements (DEs) as AI Models for Autonomic Management & Control (AMC) of Network Resources, Parameters, Services and Security
• The Generic Framework for Multi-Domain Federated GANA Knowledge Planes for E2E Autonomic (Closed-Loop) Security Management & Control for 5G Slices, Networks/Services
• Security Functions Placement in 5G Networks and Autonomic/Dynamic Orchestration of Security Enforcement Policies as Driven by Network Slicing Dynamics
• Programmability of Security Functions, and Autonomic/Dynamic Security Policies Enforcement by KPs, as Driven by Security Attacks Detection and Threats Predictions
• Checkpoint (Network Security Solutions Vendor) Capabilities that help implement the GANA based Generic Framework for E2E Autonomic Security Management and Control
• Conclusions on what should be considered for Standardization

This Technical White Paper No.3 is about Demo-3 (of a series of Demos planned for 2018/2019 and beyond) of the ETSI PoC (Proof-Of-Concept) on 5G Network Slices Creation, Autonomic & Cognitive Management and E2E Orchestration; with Closed-Loop (Autonomic) Service Assurance for Network Slices; using the Smart Insurance IoT Use Case.

The Technical White Paper covers the following key topics in the target of operationalizing the ETSI GANA Model Standard (ETSI TS 103 195-2) in the context of 5G Networks and reveals Gaps in Standards that should be addressed by the industry while implementing GANA autonomics (control-loops) in network architectures and associated management and control architectures. The following aspects are covered in the results of the PoC:

• Brief introduction to the ETSI GANA Model for Autonomic Networking, Cognitive Networking and Self-Management
• GANA Decision-Elements/Engines(DEs) as “AMC Services” that dynamically manage and control specific Managed Entities (MEs) embedded within NEs/NFs
• Collaboration/Coordination of Autonomic Functions (DEs) through synchronization of actions/policies on programming their corresponding Managed Entities (MEs)
• Multi-Layer Autonomics and the integration of the GANA Knowledge Plane (KP) with other systems, e.g. with Orchestrators, SDN Controllers, and OSS/BSS or Configuration Management Systems
• The Objectives being addressed by Demo-3 of the ETSI PoC
• Capabilities of Big Switch Networks for Programmable Traffic Monitoring Fabrics that meet the Outlined Telecom Operators’ Requirements in line with the ETSI GANA Framework Principles
• “Knowledge Plane-Driven” Orchestration—based on Business Goal Incentives or Autonomic Remediation Strategies Execution by the KP; and Selective Multi-Layer Programming Targets by KP Autonomics
• Vendors’ Business View of the Overall 5G PoC
• Four Examples of the 5G Applications being considered in the Overall 5G PoC’s Network Slicing Use Cases
• Technical view of the Overall 5G PoC
•  QoS Framework on Flow-Oriented (Flow-Level) Services & Telemetry Services delivered within a specific 5G Slice Type and varying in QoS Classes; Prioritization of Slices; and Definitions of QoS Classes and SLAs as inputs to Autonomic Service Assurance
• ETSI-GANA Model as key Enabler for 5G: High Level Design Principle
• Federation of GANA Knowledge Planes for E2E Autonomic (Closed-Loop) Service Assurance across the various network segments/domains
• Conclusions
• Further Work (beyond Demo-3) on Programmable Traffic Monitoring Services in NFV environments
• On ETSI TC INT AFI WG and its Liaisons with other SDOs/Fora on GANA Autonomics in various Architecture Scenarios

This Technical White Paper No.2 is about Demo-2 (of a series of Demos planned for 2018/2019 and beyond) of the ETSI PoC (Proof-Of-Concept) on 5G Network Slices Creation, Autonomic & Cognitive Management and E2E Orchestration; with Closed-Loop (Autonomic) Service Assurance for Network Slices; using the Smart Insurance IoT Use Case.

The Technical White Paper covers the following key topics in the target of operationalizing the ETSI GANA Model Standard (ETSI TS 103 195-2) in the context of 5G Networks and reveals Gaps in Standards that should be addressed by the industry while implementing GANA autonomics (control-loops) in network architectures and associated management and control architectures. The following aspects are covered in the results of the PoC:

• Brief introduction to the ETSI GANA Model for Autonomic Networking, Cognitive Networking and Self-Management
• GANA Decision-Elements/Engines(DEs) as “AMC Services” that dynamically manage and control specific Managed Entities (MEs) embedded within NEs/NFs
• Collaboration/Coordination of Autonomic Functions (DEs) through synchronization of actions/policies on programming their corresponding Managed Entities (MEs)
• Multi-Layer Autonomics and the integration of the GANA Knowledge Plane with Orchestrators, SDN Controllers, Big-Data for Autonomic (closed-loop) Service Assurance, and OSS/BSS systems
• Overall ONAP to GANA Mappings and How ONAP can be used to implement GANA Knowledge Plane Components, and Advancing ONAP accordingly
• Using ONAP Components to Implement GANA Knowledge Planes and Advancing ONAP accordingly—using C-SON – ONAP Architecture as an illustration on GANA Knowledge Plane for the RAN (Radio Access Network)—an implementation by Cellwize
• Using ONAP with other Open Source Products to implement GANA Knowledge Planes for other Network Segments/Domains other than the GANA Knowledge Plane for RAN (C-SON)
• Federation of GANA Knowledge Planes for E2E Autonomic (Closed-Loop) Service Assurance across various network segments/domains
• On APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) that need to be considered in implementing a GANA Knowledge Plane
• Vendors’ Business View of the Overall 5G PoC: Supplying ONAP based GANA Knowledge Planes Software/Platforms for E2E Autonomic (Closed-Loop) Service Assurance for 5G Network Slices

This Technical White Paper No.1 is about Demo-1 and Demo-2 (of a series of Demos planned for 2018/2019 and beyond) of the ETSI PoC (Proof-Of-Concept) on 5G Network Slices Creation, Autonomic & Cognitive Management and E2E Orchestration; with Closed-Loop (Autonomic) Service Assurance for Network Slices; using the Smart Insurance IoT Use Case. The Technical White Paper covers the following key topics in the target of operationalizing the ETSI GANA Model Standard (ETSI TS 103 195-2) in the context of 5G Networks and reveals Gaps in Standards that should be addressed by the industry while implementing GANA autonomics (control-loops) in network architectures and associated management and control architectures. The following aspects are covered in the results of the PoC:

• Brief introduction to the ETSI GANA Model for Autonomic Networking, Cognitive Networking and Self-Management 3. Decision Elements (DEs) as the autonomic management and control services that dynamically(adaptively) program (configure) specific Management Entities (MEs) embedded within Network Elements (NEs) or Network Functions (NFs) or Services associated with an NF
• Collaboration/Coordination of Autonomic Functions (DEs) through synchronization of actions/policies on the programming of their corresponding Managed Entities (MEs)
• Multi-Layer Autonomics and the integration of the GANA Knowledge Plane with Orchestrators, SDN Controllers, and OSS/BSS systems
• Technical view of the Overall 5G PoC
• The Four 5G Applications considered in the Overall 5G PoC’s Network Slicing Use Cases
• 5G Slice Provider and Consumer Business View of the Overall PoC (consisting of multiple Demo Cases executed and in plan for 2018/2019 timeframe)
• Vendors’ Business View of the Overall 5G PoC: Supplying GANA conformant Software for E2E Autonomic (Closed-Loop) Service Assurance for 5G Network Slices and required Programmable Traffic Monitoring Fabrics and Solutions for Orchestrated Assurance
• Demo-1: Smart Insurance Providers as Key Requesters and Consumers of 5G Network Slices Delivered by Service Providers in fulfilment of Slice Requests (Showcase by QualyCloud)
• Demo-2: C-SON Evolution for 5G, Hybrid-SON Mappings to the ETSI GANA Model; Federation of GANA Knowledge Planes to achieve E2E Autonomic (Closed-Loop) Service Assurance for 5G Network Slices—through a Real Implementation by Cellwize
• ETSI-GANA Model as key Enabler for 5G: High Level Design Principle 13. Federation of GANA Knowledge Planes for E2E Autonomic (Closed-Loop) Service Assurance across various network segments/domains
• Summary of Further Plans on Demo series planned for the overall 5G PoC in the timeframe 2018/2019 and beyond