Standard

ISO 19109:2015 defines rules for creating and documenting application schemas, including principles for the definition of features.The scope of this International Standard includes the following:(1) conceptual modelling of features and their properties from a universe of discourse;(2) definition of application schemas;(3) use of the conceptual schema language for application schemas;(4) transition from the concepts in the conceptual model to the data types in the application schema; and(5) integration of standardized schemas from other ISO geographic information standards with the application schema.The following are outside the scope:(a) choice of one particular conceptual schema language for application schemas;(b) definition of any particular application schema;(c) representation of feature types and their properties in a feature catalogue;(d) representation of metadata;(e) rules for mapping one application schema to another;(f) implementation of the application schema in a computer environment;(g) computer system and application software design; and(h) programming.

Coded representation of video-based dynamic mesh coding (V-DMC)

This document specifies conceptual schemas for describing the spatial characteristics of geographic entities, and a set of spatial operations consistent with these schemas. It treats _vector_ geometry and topology. It defines standard spatial operations for use in access, query, management, processing and data exchange of geographic information for spatial (geometric and topological) objects. Because of the nature of geographic information, these geometric coordinate spaces will normally have up to three spatial dimensions, one temporal dimension and any number of other spatially dependent parameters as needed by the applications. In general, the topological dimension of the spatial projections of the geometric objects will be at most three.

ISO 19106:2004 is intended to define the concept of a profile of the ISO geographic information standards developed by ISO/TC 211 and to provide guidance for the creation of such profiles. Only those components of specifications that meet the definition of a profile contained herein can be established and managed through the mechanisms described in this International Standard. These profiles can be standardized internationally using the ISO standardization process. This document also provides guidance for establishing, managing, and standardizing at the national level (or in some other forum).

This International Standard specifies the framework, concepts and methodology for testing and criteria to be achieved to claim conformance to the family of ISO geographic information standards. It provides a framework for specifying abstract test suites (ATS) and for defining the procedures to be followed during conformance testing. Conformance may be claimed for data or software products or services or by specifications including any profile or functional standard. Standardization of test methods and criteria for conformance to geographic information standards will allow verification of conformance to those standards. Verifiable conformance is important to geographic information users, in order to achieve data transfer and sharing.

ISO 19154:2014 defines a reference model for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information. This reference model uses standard concepts from both the Open distributed processing ? Reference model (RM-ODP) in ISO/IEC 10746‑1 and ISO 19101. The reference model specified in ISO 19154:2014 defines the following:(1) conceptual models for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information;(2) a reference model and framework to support current and future specification development in this area;(3) the semantics of information and processing within systems and services for the UPA of geographic information; and(4) the architectural relationship between this International Standard and other ISO geographic information standards.ISO 19154 is applicable to location-based services (LBS), ubiquitous computing environments, linked open data, and other domains that require a seamless public access to geographic information. Although structured in the context of information technology and information technology standards, ISO 19154:2014 is independent of any application development method or technology implementation approach.

The ISO 19152:2012 standard:(a) defines a reference Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) covering basic information-related components of land administration (including those over water and land, and elements above and below the surface of the earth);(b) provides an abstract, conceptual model with four packages related to parties (people and organizations); basic administrative units, rights, responsibilities, and restrictions (ownership rights); spatial units (parcels, and the legal space of buildings and utility networks); spatial sources (surveying), and spatial representations (geometry and topology);(c) provides terminology for land administration, based on various national and international systems, that is as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology allows a shared description of different formal or informal practices and procedures in various jurisdictions;(d) provides a basis for national and regional profiles; and(e) enables the combining of land administration information from different sources in a coherent manner.

ISO 19149:2011 defines an XML-based vocabulary or language to express rights for geographic information in order that digital licenses can be created for such information and related services. This language, GeoREL, is an extension of the rights expression language in ISO/IEC 21000-5 and is to be used to compose digital licenses. Each digital license will unambiguously express those particular rights that the owners (or their agent) of a digital geographic resource extend to the holders of that license. The digital rights management system in which these licenses are used can then offer ex ante (before the fact) protection for all such resources. The proper use of a GeoREL includes the preservation of rights access by formula expressed in usage licenses. Thus, data in the public or private domain, when protected, remain in their respective domains if the usage rights granted so state. These rights are not always covered by copyright law, and are often the result of contracts between individuals that specify the proper and allowed uses of resources, as opposed to the threat of copyright litigations which is an ex post facto (after the fact) remediation measure, not an ex ante protection measure. ISO 19149:2011 is not a reflection of, or extension of, copyright law. Mechanisms for the enforcement and preservation of those contract rights are specified in ISO/IEC 21000, and it is not the intention of ISO 19149:2011 to replace nor redefine those mechanisms, but to use them as previously standardized.

This document specifies a conceptual schema for locations relative to a one-dimensional object as measurement along (and optionally offset from) that object. It defines a description of the data and operations required to use and support linear referencing. This document is applicable to transportation, utilities, environmental protection, location-based services and other applications which define locations relative to linear objects. For ease of reading, most examples discussed in this document come from the transportation domain.

ISO 19147:2015 specifies the data types and code lists associated with those types for the implementation of transfer nodes and their services in transport modelling and location based services. It includes the following:(1) defines transfer nodes in a multimodal way so that the definition is general and valid for all types of transport means and modes;(2) links transfer nodes to a location;(3) focuses on the attributes defining the transfer node in relation to nodes in mode-specific networks;(4) defines the attributes of transfer nodes that are relevant for travel planning and modelling of interoperable transport systems by transport planners; and(5) defines a set of services and facilities that may be related to transfer nodes and a way to provide information on accessibility, deviations and restrictions related to these services and facilities.ISO 19147:2015 is applicable for transport infrastructure owners and operators when defining and/or describing their transport infrastructure and for transport-related Service Providers when providing information to travellers and others. It is limited to the transport of persons and is also limited to the static getting-on and getting-off points. The main focus is on transfer nodes being part of public transport networks, that are located in road networks, but this International Standard is also applicable for transfer nodes in rail networks and in air and sea transport networks.

This document establishes a methodology for cross-mapping vocabularies. It also specifies an implementation of ISO 19135-1:2015 for the purpose of registering cross-mapped vocabulary entries. Methodologies for the development of ontologies and taxonomies that relate to geographic information and geomatics are not within the scope of this document.

ISO 19145:2013 specifies the process for establishing, maintaining and publishing registers of representation of geographic point location in compliance with ISO 19135. It identifies and describes the information elements and the structure of a register of representations of geographic point location including the elements for the conversion of one representation to another. ISO 19145:2013 also specifies the XML implementation of the required XML extension to ISO/TS 19135-2, for the implementation of a register of geographic point location representations.