PSL is being incorporated into the TUpper ontology as Part 4 of ISO 21838 (Top Level Ontologies). In particular, TUpper extends PSL with modules for physical objects, location, and units of measure, thus addressing the shortcomings of using PSL alone. In these notes, we summarize various aspects of PSL and TUpper with respect to the IOF selection criteria for a foundational ontology.
The Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering (DOLCE) is a top-level ontology (TLO) conforming to ISO/IEC 21838-1. It contains definitions of its terms and relational expressions and formal representations in OWL 2 and in Common Logic (CL). DOLCE is a top-level ontology aimed at making explicit people-s assumptions about the nature and structure of the world, as reflected by natural language, cognition and human common sense. DOLCE is widely used by a diverse array of domain ontologies in areas like enterprise and process modeling, engineering, robotics, geographical information systems, socio-technical systems and digital humanities. The natural language specification of the DOLCE signature supports human maintenance and use of the ontology, including use in development of conformant domain ontologies. The adoption of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) as a W3C standard was motivated by the need to have a decidable ontology representation language as the basis for the Semantic Web. The OWL 2 formalization of DOLCE supports use of the ontology in computing, including enabling DOLCE to be used in tandem with other ontologies expressed in OWL and in related languages, and in allowing ontology quality control through use of OWL reasoners. The CL formalization of DOLCE provides the expressivity needed to provide an axiomatization whose models are the intended models of DOLCE. This axiomatization has a modular structure (see Figure 2 where the arrows represent the relation of extension of theories). This document conforms to ISO/IEC 21838-1.
SAREF4BLDG is an extension of the SAREF ontology that was created based on the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard for building information. It should be noted that not the whole standard has been transformed since it exceeds the scope of this extension, which is limited to devices and appliances within the building domain.
SAREF4LIFT is an ontology that extends SAREF for the Smart Lifts domain. This SAREF extension is based on a limited set of use cases and existing data models identified within available initiatives.
ISO/TS 19150-1:2012 defines the framework for semantic interoperability of geographic information. This framework defines a high level model of the components required to handle semantics in the ISO geographic information standards with the use of ontologies.
ISO/IEC 21000-21:2017 specifies an ontology for representing contracts in the Multimedia Framework formed for the transaction of MPEG-21 Digital Items or services related to the MPEG-21 Framework. Media Contract Ontology (MCO) aims to digitally express agreements made in environments using ISO/IEC 21000. These agreements are contracts for transactions of content packed as Digital Items, as well as for services provided around this content by means of a sematic representation. The range of contracts under scope are as follows: - contracts about transactions on rights for the exploitation of content as MPEG-21 Digital Items; - contracts about the provision of MPEG-21-based services, like delivery, identification, encryption, search and others. However, MCO can also be used as electronic format for contracts on the trade of media rights beyond the MPEG framework.
ISO/IEC 21000-19:2010 describes MPEG-21 Media Value Chain Ontology (MVCO). The MVCO may be used to capture knowledge about media value chains and to represent it in a computer readable way, concepts in the domain and the relationships between those concepts. ISO/IEC 21000-19:2010 describes the following technology. <ul><li>Model: the model is described in Clause 6, by way of a narrative description of the Value Chain, its main elements and relations.</li><li>Representation: the MVCO has been formalised as a normative OWL Ontology, and the description of which is given in this Clause. The description consists of listing the classes, the object properties, the datatype properties, and the class individuals. Classes are described by giving the name, an English definition, the class hierarchy, and the restrictions imposed on the class. The representation is given in Clause 7. Annex B<b> </b>contains the normative OWL (XML/RDF) comprising the entire semantics of the elements in the model.</li><li>Ontology use: an Informative section is provided with non normative descriptions of use, extensions and an API (Annex A).</li></ul>
ISO/IEC 21000-21:2017 specifies an ontology for representing contracts in the Multimedia Framework formed for the transaction of MPEG-21 Digital Items or services related to the MPEG-21 Framework. Media Contract Ontology (MCO) aims to digitally express agreements made in environments using ISO/IEC 21000. These agreements are contracts for transactions of content packed as Digital Items, as well as for services provided around this content by means of a sematic representation. The range of contracts under scope are as follows: - contracts about transactions on rights for the exploitation of content as MPEG-21 Digital Items; - contracts about the provision of MPEG-21-based services, like delivery, identification, encryption, search and others. However, MCO can also be used as electronic format for contracts on the trade of media rights beyond the MPEG framework.
ISO/IEC 21000-19:2010 describes MPEG-21 Media Value Chain Ontology (MVCO). The MVCO may be used to capture knowledge about media value chains and to represent it in a computer readable way, concepts in the domain and the relationships between those concepts. ISO/IEC 21000-19:2010 describes the following technology. Model: the model is described in Clause 6, by way of a narrative description of the Value Chain, its main elements and relations. Representation: the MVCO has been formalised as a normative OWL Ontology, and the description of which is given in this Clause. The description consists of listing the classes, the object properties, the datatype properties, and the class individuals. Classes are described by giving the name, an English definition, the class hierarchy, and the restrictions imposed on the class. The representation is given in Clause 7. Annex B contains the normative OWL (XML/RDF) comprising the entire semantics of the elements in the model. Ontology use: an Informative section is provided with non normative descriptions of use, extensions and an API (Annex A).
ISO/IEC 18384-3:2016 defines a formal ontology for service-oriented architecture (SOA), an architectural style that supports service orientation. The terms defined in this ontology are key terms from the vocabulary in ISO/IEC 18384-1.
The intention of SAREF4AGRI is to connect SAREF with existing ontologies and important standardization initiatives and ontologies in the Smart Agriculture and Food Chain domain, including ICAR for livestock data, AEF for agricultural equipment, Plant Ontology Consortium for plants, or AgGateway for IT support for arable farming.
