Ontologies

SEAS ontology describes energy systems and their interactions.

SAREF4INMA focuses on extending SAREF for the industry and manufacturing domain to solve the lack of interoperability between various types of production equipment that produce items in a factory and, once outside the factory, between different organizations in the value chain to uniquely track back the produced items to the corresponding production equipment, batches, material and precise time in which they were manufactured.

SAREF4CITY is an extension of SAREF for the Smart Cities domain. This extension has been created by investigating resources from potential stakeholders of the ontology, such as standardization bodies, associations, IoT platforms and European projects and initiatives. Taking into account ontologies, data models, standards and datasets provided by the identified stakeholders, a set of requirements were identified and grouped in the following categories: Topology, Administrative Area, City Object, Event, Measurement, Key Performance Indicator, and Public Service.

SAREF4BLDG is an extension of the SAREF ontology that was created based on the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard for building information. It should be noted that not the whole standard has been transformed since it exceeds the scope of this extension, which is limited to devices and appliances within the building domain.

SAREF4ENER is an extension of SAREF that was created in collaboration with Energy@Home and EEBus to enable the interconnection of their (different) data models.

ISO/TS 19150-1:2012 defines the framework for semantic interoperability of geographic information. This framework defines a high level model of the components required to handle semantics in the ISO geographic information standards with the use of ontologies.

ISO/IEC 21000-21:2017 specifies an ontology for representing contracts in the Multimedia Framework formed for the transaction of MPEG-21 Digital Items or services related to the MPEG-21 Framework. Media Contract Ontology (MCO) aims to digitally express agreements made in environments using ISO/IEC 21000. These agreements are contracts for transactions of content packed as Digital Items, as well as for services provided around this content by means of a sematic representation. The range of contracts under scope are as follows: - contracts about transactions on rights for the exploitation of content as MPEG-21 Digital Items; - contracts about the provision of MPEG-21-based services, like delivery, identification, encryption, search and others. However, MCO can also be used as electronic format for contracts on the trade of media rights beyond the MPEG framework.

ISO/IEC 21000-19:2010 describes MPEG-21 Media Value Chain Ontology (MVCO). The MVCO may be used to capture knowledge about media value chains and to represent it in a computer readable way, concepts in the domain and the relationships between those concepts. ISO/IEC 21000-19:2010 describes the following technology. <ul><li>Model: the model is described in Clause 6, by way of a narrative description of the Value Chain, its main elements and relations.</li><li>Representation: the MVCO has been formalised as a normative OWL Ontology, and the description of which is given in this Clause. The description consists of listing the classes, the object properties, the datatype properties, and the class individuals. Classes are described by giving the name, an English definition, the class hierarchy, and the restrictions imposed on the class. The representation is given in Clause 7. Annex B<b> </b>contains the normative OWL (XML/RDF) comprising the entire semantics of the elements in the model.</li><li>Ontology use: an Informative section is provided with non normative descriptions of use, extensions and an API (Annex A).</li></ul>

ISO/IEC 21000-21:2017 specifies an ontology for representing contracts in the Multimedia Framework formed for the transaction of MPEG-21 Digital Items or services related to the MPEG-21 Framework. Media Contract Ontology (MCO) aims to digitally express agreements made in environments using ISO/IEC 21000. These agreements are contracts for transactions of content packed as Digital Items, as well as for services provided around this content by means of a sematic representation. The range of contracts under scope are as follows: - contracts about transactions on rights for the exploitation of content as MPEG-21 Digital Items; - contracts about the provision of MPEG-21-based services, like delivery, identification, encryption, search and others. However, MCO can also be used as electronic format for contracts on the trade of media rights beyond the MPEG framework.

ISO/IEC 21000-19:2010 describes MPEG-21 Media Value Chain Ontology (MVCO). The MVCO may be used to capture knowledge about media value chains and to represent it in a computer readable way, concepts in the domain and the relationships between those concepts. ISO/IEC 21000-19:2010 describes the following technology. Model: the model is described in Clause 6, by way of a narrative description of the Value Chain, its main elements and relations. Representation: the MVCO has been formalised as a normative OWL Ontology, and the description of which is given in this Clause. The description consists of listing the classes, the object properties, the datatype properties, and the class individuals. Classes are described by giving the name, an English definition, the class hierarchy, and the restrictions imposed on the class. The representation is given in Clause 7. Annex B contains the normative OWL (XML/RDF) comprising the entire semantics of the elements in the model. Ontology use: an Informative section is provided with non normative descriptions of use, extensions and an API (Annex A).

ISO/IEC 18384-3:2016 defines a formal ontology for service-oriented architecture (SOA), an architectural style that supports service orientation. The terms defined in this ontology are key terms from the vocabulary in ISO/IEC 18384-1.

The intention of SAREF4AGRI is to connect SAREF with existing ontologies and important standardization initiatives and ontologies in the Smart Agriculture and Food Chain domain, including ICAR for livestock data, AEF for agricultural equipment, Plant Ontology Consortium for plants, or AgGateway for IT support for arable farming.