Robotics

This Technical Report provides guidance in understanding and implementing safety-related control functions (functional safety) as they relate to electrical, electronic, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic components and systems for machine tools covered by the B11 series of safety standards.

This document provides ergonomic design guidelines intended to improve quality, performance and safety by reducing fatigue and injury associated with manufacturing systems, including individual and integrated machines and auxiliary components. It is intended to be a resource that can be applied to:Design or major modification, installation and use of machines and their auxiliary components. Design of a manufacturing system supporting machines and auxiliary components. Improve safety, quality and productivity, and reduce errors associated with a manufacturing system.Integrating ergonomic concepts early in the design process should maximize the impact and cost effectiveness of ergonomic interventions during the design process. The goal of this document is to provide guidance on the practical application of ergonomic principles in order to avoid work-related injuries and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), increase productivity, and improve product quality. This document is directed towards technicians, engineers, designers, and safety and health practitioners who deal with general ergonomic issues related to machines. It is not intended to replace in-depth analysis by qualified and experienced ergonomists.

This standard specifies the safety requirements for the design, construction, set-up, operation and maintenance (including installation, dismantling and transport) of integrated manufacturing systems.

This American National Standard provides both requirements and guidance for the implementation of safety-related control functions (functional safety) as they relate to electrical, electronic, pneumatic, hydraulic, and mechanical components of control systems.

ISO 13849-1:2015 provides safety requirements and guidance on the principles for the design and integration of safety-related parts of control systems (SRP/CS), including the design of software. For these parts of SRP/CS, it specifies characteristics that include the performance level required for carrying out safety functions. It applies to SRP/CS for high demand and continuous mode, regardless of the type of technology and energy used (electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, etc.), for all kinds of machinery.It does not specify the safety functions or performance levels that are to be used in a particular case.This part of ISO 13849 provides specific requirements for SRP/CS using programmable electronic system(s).It does not give specific requirements for the design of products which are parts of SRP/CS. Nevertheless, the principles given, such as categories or performance levels, can be used.NOTE 1 Examples of products which are parts of SRP/CS: relays, solenoid valves, position switches, PLCs, motor control units, two-hand control devices, pressure sensitive equipment. For the design of such products, it is important to refer to the specifically applicable International Standards, e.g. ISO 13851, ISO 13856‑1 and ISO 13856‑2.NOTE 2 For the definition of required performance level, see 3.1.24.NOTE 3 The requirements provided in this part of ISO 13849 for programmable electronic systems are compatible with the methodology for the design and development of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems for machinery given in IEC 62061.NOTE 4 For safety-related embedded software for components with PLr = e, see IEC 61508?3:1998, Clause 7.

This document specifies safety requirements and the means for their verification for driverless industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks) and their systems.Examples of driverless industrial trucks (trucks of ISO 5053-1) can also be known as: "automated guided vehicle", "autonomous mobile robot", "bots", "automated guided cart", "tunnel tugger", "under cart", etc.This document also contains requirements for driverless industrial trucks which are provided with:— automatic modes which either require operators' action(s) to initiate or enable such automatic operations. — the capability to transport one or more riders (which are neither considered as drivers nor as operators). — additional manual modes which allow operators to operate the truck manually; or— a maintenance mode which allows manual operation of truck functions for maintenance reasons.It is not applicable to trucks solely guided by mechanical means (rails, guides, etc.) or to remotely controlled trucks, which are not considered to be driverless trucks.For the purposes of this document, a driverless industrial truck is a powered truck, which is designed to operate automatically. A driverless truck system comprises the control system, which can be part of the truck and/or separate from it, guidance means and power system. Requirements for power sources are not covered in this document.The condition of the operating zone has a significant effect on the safe operation of the driverless industrial truck. The preparations of the operating zone to eliminate the associated hazards are specified in Annex A.This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events during all phases of the life of the truck (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), as listed in Annex B, relevant to the applicable machines when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.It does not give requirements for additional hazards that can occur:— during operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer applications, strong magnetic fields). — during operation in nuclear environments. — from trucks intended to operate in public zones (in particular ISO 13482). — during operation on a public road. — during operation in potentially explosive environments. — during operation in military applications. — during operation with specific hygienic requirements. — during operation in ionizing radiation environments. — during the transportation of (a) person(s) other than (the) intended rider(s). — when handling loads the nature of which can lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metals, acids/bases, radiating materials). — for rider positions with elevation function higher than 1 200 mm from the floor/ground to the platform floor.This document does not contain safety requirements for trailer(s) being towed behind a truck.This document does not contain safety requirements for elevated operator trucks.This document is not applicable to trucks manufactured before the date of its publication.

This terminology covers terms associated with unmanned (that is, driverless), ground (that is, land-based and in continuous contact with the ground), industrial vehicles. By providing a common and consistent lexicon, the purpose of this terminology is to facilitate communication between individuals who may be involved in the research, design, deployment, and use of unmanned ground vehicles, including but not limited to, for manufacturing, distribution, security, etc. The terminology covers terms used in performance test methods of automatic guided vehicles (AGVs), autonomous mobile robots, and all other driverless, ground vehicles. In addition, with increasingly intelligent vehicle systems with onboard equipment, robotics industry terms that are used in associated test methods and descriptions are also included.

This test method measures an automatic/automated/autonomous-unmanned ground vehicle (A-UGV) kinetic energy reduction when objects appear in the A-UGV path and within the stop-detect range of the vehicle safety sensors in situations in which the desired reaction is for the vehicle to stop as opposed to avoiding the obstacle by traveling on an alternative path.

This practice describes a means to record the A-UGV configuration when testing. The practice provides a method for recording A-UGV hardware and software control parameters and describes high-level capabilities, such as used for A-UGV safety and navigation.

This guide categorizes the autonomous capabilities of an automatic through autonomous-unmanned ground vehicle (A-UGV) based on a list of eleven capability categories.

The purpose of this test method is to evaluate an automatic, automated, or autonomous-unmanned ground vehicle’s (A-UGV) capability of traversing through a defined space with limited A-UGV clearance. This test method is intended for use by A-UGV manufacturers, installers, and users. This test method defines a set of generic 2D area shapes representative of user applications and for different A-UGV types.

This practice specifies physical characteristics that can be used to describe obstacles utilized within ASTM Committee F45 test methods. The obstacle characteristics specified in this practice are not described with respect to the manner in which they will be sensed or detected by an A-UGV. Rather, the obstacles are described according to their real world characteristics.