Citiverse

This document defines a reference model and base components for representing and controlling a single LAE or multiple LAEs in an MAR scene. It defines concepts, a reference model, system framework, functions and how to integrate a 2D/3D virtual world and LAEs, and their interfaces, in order to provide MAR applications with interfaces of LAEs. It also defines an exchange format necessary for transferring and storing LAE-related data between LAE-based MAR applications. This document specifies the following functionalities: a) definitions for an LAE in MAR; b) representation of an LAE; c) representation of properties of an LAE; d) sensing of an LAE in a physical world; e) integration of an LAE into a 2D/3D virtual scene; f) interaction between an LAE and objects in a 2D/3D virtual scene; g) transmission of information related to an LAE in an MAR scene. This document defines a reference model for LAE representation-based MAR applications to represent and to exchange data related to LAEs in a 2D/3D virtual scene in an MAR scene. It does not define specific physical interfaces necessary for manipulating LAEs, that is, it does not define how specific applications need to implement a specific LAE in an MAR scene, but rather defines common functional interfaces for representing LAEs that can be used interchangeably between MAR applications.

This document is the first of a family of standards. This part of ISO/IEC 9592 specifies a set of functions for computer graphics programming, the Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System (PHIGS). PHIGS is a graphics system for application programs that produce computer generated pictures on output devices. It supports operator input and interactions by supplying basic functions for graphical input and hierarchical picture definition. Picture definitions can be retained centrally where they may be edited by an application. Alternatively, graphical data may be processed without first storing it. To assist in this processing, explicit control over resources used to encapsulate the results of these processing operations is provided. Basic application requirements in the areas of lighting and shading are provided through primitives and functions for controlling the rendering of 3D objects. Utilization of raster images in the generation of PHIGS pictures is provided. Pictures are displayed on output devices which may have associated input devices. Several input devices can be used simultaneously. The application program is allowed to adapt its behaviour to make best use of their capabilities. Graphical output can be constrained to particular views. Views can be specified parametrically and automatic processing of input operations can be used to control viewing. New input devices can be defined from the capabilities available. Functions are specified for archiving picture definitions to file. In addition an interface to the Computer Graphics Metafile (ISO/IEC 8632) is described. This part of ISO/IEC 9592 defines a language independent nucleus of a graphics system for integration into a programming language. PHIGS is embedded in a language layer obeying the particular conventions of the language. Such language bindings are specified in ISO/IEC 9593.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO/IEC 23007-1:2010 defines a specification for the exchange, the control and the communication of widgets with other entities, a widget being a self-contained living entity with an interactive and dynamic visualization.

ISO/IEC 18026:2009 specifies the Spatial Reference Model (SRM) defining relevant aspects of spatial positioning and related information processing. The SRM allows precise and unambiguous specification of geometric properties such as position (location), direction, and distance. The SRM addresses the needs of a broad community of users, who have a range of accuracy and performance requirements in computationally intensive applications. Aspects of ISO/IEC 18026:2009 apply to, but are not limited to:

(1) mapping, charting, geodesy, and imagery;

(2) topography;

(3) location-based services;

(4) oceanography;

(5) meteorology and climatology;

(6) interplanetary and planetary sciences;

(7) embedded systems; and

(8) modelling and simulation.

The application program interface supports more than 30 forms of position representation. To ensure that spatial operations are performed consistently, the application program interface specifies conversion operations with functionality defined to ensure high precision transformation between alternative representations of geometric properties. ISO/IEC 18026:2009 is not intended to replace the standards and specifications developed by ISO/TC 211, ISO/TC 184, the International Astronomical Union (IAU), and the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). It is applicable to applications whose spatial information requirements overlap two or more of the application areas that are the scope of the work of ISO/TC 211, ISO/TC 184, the IAU, and the IAG.

The present document provides an overview of delivery of 3D graphics of games that are running on a high-performance server to client devices that would otherwise not have the resources to run these games natively. The present document describes the use cases, high level requirements and different solution approaches, and identifies the main area(s) where standardization work would be needed. Exploring the nature and content of what is going to be exchanged between servers and clients constitutes the main topic of the present document The primary aim for this technology is to enable casual gaming scenarios, and it is not the primary aim to try to satisfy hardcore gamers, since we have to be realistic about what can be achieved with the current state of networking and server technology. Because of the nature of the content and in order to focus on feasible solutions, we may exclude certain type of network connections to be used, such as using "unreliable" or high-latency wireless connections such as 802.11b/g. We expect to have a broadband connection between the client and the server, without too many intermediate hops. In the present document we do not address deployment issues, such as integration into a Content on demand infrastructure (e.g. user registration, pricing, purchasing), or integration into a QoS framework (e.g. prioritization of gaming streams compared to other types of streams). Also, use cases and synchronization issues related to multi-player gaming, whereby different connection speeds/types could result in different response times, are out of scope of the present document.

This document specifies a set of functions for computer graphics programming, i.e. the Graphical Kernel System for Three Dimensions (GKS-3D) as the basic graphics system of computer-generated three dimensional pictures on graphics output devices. Provides application programs to define and display 3D graphical primitives, specified using 3D coordinates. Functions are provided to for storage on and retrieval from an external graphics file with the functions being organized in upward compatible levels with increasing capabilities. Additional functions are defined to generate output primitives.

This document specifies a general framework addressing the following six components: conformance in the standard itself; test requirements document (defining what shall be tested for a computer graphics standard); test specifications document (addressing the test technique and the content of each test); test method (defining the implementation of the test specification document, including the test software); test procedures (defining the application of the test software, which consists of the procedures to be used in conformance testing); the establishment of test services. Is applicable to all standards within the scope of the ISO/IEC JTC1 subcommittee responsible for computer graphics and image processing.

This deliverable specifies quality characteristics of data that is recorded by sensors as a stream of single, discrete digital values by sensors. The following are within the scope of this deliverable:

(1) application of quality characteristics of sensor data that is a stream of single, discrete digital values;

(2) types of anomalies in sensor data;

(3) quality characteristics of sensor data; and

(4) relationship with other ISO standards.

The following are outside the scope of this deliverable:

(1) analogue, image, video and sound data produced by sensors; and

(2) methods to measure data quality characteristics.

ISO/IEC 18305:2016 identifies appropriate performance metrics and test & evaluation scenarios for localization and tracking systems, and it provides guidance on how best to present and visualize the T&E results. It focuses primarily on indoor environments.

Cloud virtual reality based on cloud capabilities, can effectively shield terminal differences, reduce the difficulty of application development, lower some specific industry entry barriers, and promote the industry business chain cooperation. This recommendation focuses on the overall requirements of cloud virtual reality systems and the related requirements of each layer including content requirements, network requirements, control requirements, resource requirements and terminal requirements, as well as the reference framework for related high-level functions. Cloud virtual reality based on cloud capabilities, can effectively shield terminal differences, reduce the difficulty of application development, lower some specific industry entry barriers, and promote the industry business chain cooperation. This recommendation focuses on the overall requirements of cloud virtual reality systems and the related requirements of each layer including content requirements, network requirements, control requirements, resource requirements and terminal requirements, as well as the reference framework for related high-level functions.

This document describes the COLLADA schema. COLLADA is a Collaborative Design Activity that defines an XML-based schema to enable 3D authoring applications to freely exchange digital assets without loss of information, enabling multiple software packages to be combined into extremely powerful tool chains. The purpose of this document is to provide a specification for the COLLADA schema in sufficient detail to enable software developers to create tools to process COLLADA resources. In particular, it is relevant to those who import to or export from digital content creation (DCC) applications, 3D interactive applications and tool chains, prototyping tools, real-time visualization applications such as those used in the video game and movie industries, and CAD tools. This document covers the initial design and specifications of the COLLADA schema, as well as a minimal set of requirements for COLLADA exporters. This document covers the following information:

(a) initial design and specifications of the COLLADA schema;

(b) requirements of COLLADA tools and a minimal set of requirements for COLLADA exporters;

(c) detailed explanations for COLLADA programming;

(d) core elements that describe geometry, animation, skinning, assets, and scenes;

(e) physics model, visual effects (FX), boundary representation (B-rep) of animation, kinematics.

The document does not specify the implementation of, or definition of a run-time architecture for viewing or processing of COLLADA data.

This part of ISO 10303 specifies the use of the integrated resources necessary for the scope and information requirements for the exchange of building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information between application systems with explicit shape representations. Building elements are those physical things of which a building is composed, such as structural elements, enclosing and separating elements, service elements, fixtures and equipment, and spaces. Building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information requirements can be used at all stages of the life cycle of a building, including the design process, construction, and maintenance. Building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information requirements specified in this part of ISO 10303 support the following activities:

(a) concurrent design processes or building design iterations;

(b) integration of building structure designs with building systems designs to enable design analysis;

(c) building design visualization;

(d) specifications for construction and maintenance;

(e) analysis and review.

The following are within the scope of this part of ISO 10303:

(1) explicit representation of the three-dimensional shape of building elements using boundary representation (B-rep) solid models, swept solid models, or constructive solid geometry (CSG) models.

(2) the spatial configuration of building elements that comprise the assembled building;

(3) building structures that represent physically distinct buildings that are part of a single building complex;

(4) non-structural elements that enclose a building or separate areas within a building;

(5) the shape and arrangement of equipment and service elements that provide services to a building;

(6) the shape and arrangement of fixtures in a building;

(7) specification of spaces and levels;

(8) the shape of the site on which the building will be erected;

(9) specification of properties of building elements, including material composition;

(10) specification of classification information;

(11) association of properties and classification information to building elements;

(12) changes to building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information;

(13) association of approvals with building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information; and

(14) as-built record of the building.