Citiverse

ISO 19141:2008 defines a method to describe the geometry of a feature that moves as a rigid body. Such movement has the following characteristics.

(a) The feature moves within any domain composed of spatial objects as specified in ISO 19107.

(b) The feature may move along a planned route, but it may deviate from the planned route.

(c) Motion may be influenced by physical forces, such as orbital, gravitational, or inertial forces.

(d) Motion of a feature may influence or be influenced by other features, for example:

- The moving feature might follow a predefined route (e.g. road), perhaps part of a network, and might change routes at known points (e.g. bus stops, waypoints).

- Two or more moving features may be pulled together or pushed apart (e.g. an airplane will be refuelled during flight, a predator detects and tracks a prey, refugee groups join forces).

- Two or more moving features may be constrained to maintain a given spatial relationship for some period (e.g. tractor and trailer, convoy).

ISO 19141:2008 does not address other types of change to the feature. Examples of changes that are not addressed include the following:

(a) The deformation of features.

(b) The succession of either features or their associations.

(c) The change of non-spatial attributes of features.

The feature's geometric representation cannot be embedded in a geometric complex that contains the geometric representations of other features, since this would require the other features' representations to be updated as the feature moves. Because ISO 19141:2008 is concerned with the geometric description of feature movement, it does not specify a mechanism for describing feature motion in terms of geographic identifiers. This is done, in part, in ISO 19133.

ISO 19142:2010 specifies the behaviour of a web feature service that provides transactions on and access to geographic features in a manner independent of the underlying data store. It specifies discovery operations, query operations, locking operations, transaction operations and operations to manage stored parameterized query expressions.

ISO 19143:2010 describes an XML and KVP encoding of a system neutral syntax for expressing projections, selection and sorting clauses collectively called a query expression. These components are modular and intended to be used together or individually by other International Standards which reference ISO 19143:2010.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO 19144-1:2009 establishes the structure of a geographic information classification system, together with the mechanism for defining and registering the classifiers for such a system. It specifies the use of discrete coverages to represent the result of applying the classification system to a particular area and defines the technical structure of a register of classifiers in accordance with ISO 19135.

ISO 19145:2013 specifies the process for establishing, maintaining and publishing registers of representation of geographic point location in compliance with ISO 19135. It identifies and describes the information elements and the structure of a register of representations of geographic point location including the elements for the conversion of one representation to another. ISO 19145:2013 also specifies the XML implementation of the required XML extension to ISO/TS 19135-2, for the implementation of a register of geographic point location representations.

This document defines the structure and content of a text string implementation of the abstract model for coordinate reference systems described in ISO 19111. The string defines frequently needed types of coordinate reference systems and coordinate operations in a self-contained form that is easily readable by machines and by humans. The essence is its simplicity; as a consequence there are some constraints upon the more open content allowed in ISO 19111. To retain simplicity in the well-known text (WKT) description of coordinate reference systems and coordinate operations, the scope of this document excludes parameter grouping and pass-through coordinate operations. The text string provides a means for humans and machines to correctly and unambiguously interpret and utilise a coordinate reference system definition with look-ups or cross references only to define coordinate operation mathematics. A WKT string is not suitable for the storage of definitions of coordinate reference systems or coordinate operations because it omits metadata about the source of the data and may omit metadata about the applicability of the information.

Technical framework, application processes and technical requirements for carbon trading applications based on blockchain, including functions, access, interface, security, and carbon consumption voucher coding are described in this standard.

The AI development interface, AI model interoperable representation, coding format, and model encapsulated format for efficient AI model inference, storage, distribution, and management are discussed in this standard.

This recommended practice establishes an evaluation framework for the capabilities of artificial intelligence dialogue systems such as chatbots, consulting terminals, or operation interfaces. The recommended practice defines and classifies the types and levels of the intelligence capabilities according to a checklist of criteria. The checklist tables describe the criteria used to determine the level that a dialogue system achieves based on the analysis of behavior and performance.

Test specifications with a set of indicators for common corruption and adversarial attacks, which can be used to evaluate the robustness of artificial intelligence-based image recognition services are provided in this standard. Robustness attack threats and establishes an assessment framework to evaluate the robustness of artificial intelligence-based image recognition service under various settings are also specified in this standard.

This standard describes recognizable audio and visual marks to assist with the identification of communicating entities as human or machine intelligence to facilitate transparency, understanding, and trust during online, telephone, or other electronic interactions. Interventions to discern whether an interaction is with a machine or not (such as a Turing Test) are not within the scope of this standard. This standard is concerned only about the declaration of the nature of the agency influencing an interaction.

To coordinate global data and AI literacy building efforts, this standard establishes an operational framework and associated capabilities for designing policy interventions, tracking their progress, and empirically evaluating their outcomes. The standard includes a common set of definitions, language, and understanding of data and AI literacy, skills, and readiness.