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ISO 19154:2014 defines a reference model for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information. This reference model uses standard concepts from both the Open distributed processing ? Reference model (RM-ODP) in ISO/IEC 10746‑1 and ISO 19101. The reference model specified in ISO 19154:2014 defines the following:

(1) conceptual models for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information;

(2) a reference model and framework to support current and future specification development in this area;

(3) the semantics of information and processing within systems and services for the UPA of geographic information; and

(4) the architectural relationship between this International Standard and other ISO geographic information standards.

ISO 19154 is applicable to location-based services (LBS), ubiquitous computing environments, linked open data, and other domains that require a seamless public access to geographic information. Although structured in the context of information technology and information technology standards, ISO 19154:2014 is independent of any application development method or technology implementation approach.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO 19155:2012 specifies an architecture that defines a reference model with an encoding method for an identifier of a place. The concept of _place_ within ISO 19155:2012 includes _places_ not only in the real world but also those in the virtual world. These _places_ are identified using either coordinate identifiers, geographic identifiers, or virtual world identifiers such as URI. In ISO 19155:2012, an identifier of a place is referred to as a Place Identifier (PI). The reference model defines a mechanism to match multiple Place Identifiers to the same place. In addition, a data structure and set of service interfaces are also defined in this reference model. ISO 19155:2012 is applicable to location based services, emergency management services and other application domains that require a common architecture, across specific domains, for the representation of place descriptions using coordinate, geographic, or virtual world identifiers.

This document defines a conceptual schema for observations, for features involved in the observation process, and for features involved in sampling when making observations. These provide models for the exchange of information describing observation acts and their results, both within and between different scientific and technical communities. Observations commonly involve sampling of an ultimate feature-of-interest. This document defines a common set of sample types according to their spatial, material (for ex situ observations) or statistical nature. The schema includes relationships between sample features (sub-sampling, derived samples). This document concerns only externally visible interfaces and places no restriction on the underlying implementations other than what is needed to satisfy the interface specifications in the actual situation.

This document is the first of a family of standards. This document establishes the principles for describing the quality of geographic data. It:

(a) defines a well-considered system of components for describing data quality;

(b) defines the process for defining additional, domain-specific components for describing data quality;

(c) specifies components and the content structure of data quality measures;

(d) describes general procedures for evaluating the quality of geographic data; and

(e) establishes principles for reporting data quality.

This document is applicable to data producers providing quality information to describe and assess how well a dataset conforms to its product specification and to data users attempting to determine whether or not specific geographic data are of sufficient quality for their particular application. This document does not attempt to define minimum acceptable levels of quality for geographic data. Such information is usually present as a requirement in a data product specification, defined in accordance with ISO 19131, for example.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO 19160-1:2015 defines a conceptual model for address information (address model), together with the terms and definitions that describe the concepts in the model. Lifecycle, metadata, and address aliases are included in the conceptual model. The model is presented in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The model provides a common representation of address information, independent of actual addressing implementations. It is not intended to replace conceptual models proposed in other specifications, but provides a means to cross-map between different conceptual models for address information and enables the conversion of address information between specifications. The model provides a basis for developing address specifications by individual countries or communities.

This document is the first of a family of standards. This document provides the basic information and the requirements related to the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS), its definition, its realizations and how to access and use these realizations. This document:

(1) describes ITRS following the definitions and terminology adopted by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) and the International Astronomical Union (IAU);

(2) describes different categories of ITRS realizations: its primary realization, labelled the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), other existing realizations of reference systems that are mathematically derived from the ITRS, and realizations that are aligned to the ITRF, such as GNSS-specific reference frames; and

(3) categorizes procedures for realizing the ITRS.

This document specifies a conceptual schema for locations relative to a one-dimensional object as measurement along (and optionally offset from) that object. It defines a description of the data and operations required to use and support linear referencing. This document is applicable to transportation, utilities, environmental protection, location-based services and other applications which define locations relative to linear objects. For ease of reading, most examples discussed in this document come from the transportation domain.

ISO 19147:2015 specifies the data types and code lists associated with those types for the implementation of transfer nodes and their services in transport modelling and location based services. It includes the following:

(1) defines transfer nodes in a multimodal way so that the definition is general and valid for all types of transport means and modes;

(2) links transfer nodes to a location;

(3) focuses on the attributes defining the transfer node in relation to nodes in mode-specific networks;

(4) defines the attributes of transfer nodes that are relevant for travel planning and modelling of interoperable transport systems by transport planners; and

(5) defines a set of services and facilities that may be related to transfer nodes and a way to provide information on accessibility, deviations and restrictions related to these services and facilities.

ISO 19147:2015 is applicable for transport infrastructure owners and operators when defining and/or describing their transport infrastructure and for transport-related Service Providers when providing information to travellers and others. It is limited to the transport of persons and is also limited to the static getting-on and getting-off points. The main focus is on transfer nodes being part of public transport networks, that are located in road networks, but this International Standard is also applicable for transfer nodes in rail networks and in air and sea transport networks.

This document establishes a methodology for cross-mapping vocabularies. It also specifies an implementation of ISO 19135-1:2015 for the purpose of registering cross-mapped vocabulary entries. Methodologies for the development of ontologies and taxonomies that relate to geographic information and geomatics are not within the scope of this document.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO 19135-1:2015 specifies procedures to be followed in establishing, maintaining, and publishing registers of unique, unambiguous, and permanent identifiers and meanings that are assigned to items of geographic information. In order to accomplish this purpose, ISO 19135-1:2015 specifies elements that are necessary to manage the registration of these items.

This document is the first of a family of standards. The Geography Markup Language (GML) is an XML encoding in accordance with ISO 19118 for the transport and storage of geographic information modelled in accordance with the conceptual modelling framework used in the ISO 19100 series of International Standards and including both the spatial and non-spatial properties of geographic features. This document defines the XML Schema syntax, mechanisms and conventions that:

(1) provide an open, vendor-neutral framework for the description of geospatial application schemas for the transport and storage of geographic information in XML;

(2) allow profiles that support proper subsets of GML framework descriptive capabilities;

(3) support the description of geospatial application schemas for specialized domains and information communities;

(4) enable the creation and maintenance of linked geographic application schemas and datasets;

(5) support the storage and transport of application schemas and datasets; and

(6) increase the ability of organizations to share geographic application schemas and the information they describe.

Implementers can decide to store geographic application schemas and information in GML, or they can decide to convert from some other storage format on demand and use GML only for schema and data transport.

NOTE: If an ISO 19109 conformant application schema described in UML is used as the basis for the storage and transportation of geographic information, this document provides normative rules for the mapping of such an application schema to a GML application schema in XML Schema and, as such, to an XML encoding for data with a logical structure in accordance with the ISO 19109 conformant application schema.

ISO 19137:2007 defines a core profile of the spatial schema specified in ISO 19107 that specifies, in accordance with ISO 19106, a minimal set of geometric elements necessary for the efficient creation of application schemata. It supports many of the spatial data formats and description languages already developed and in broad use within several nations or liaison organizations.